The transition into an intensive management in meadows has brought about essential transformations in its vegetation and a destruction of many peatland and swamp ecosystems. Once frequent communities decreased their area, disappeared or got transformed into others. In the structure of meadow phytocenoses in the Tuchola Pinewoods, still around the mid 20th century there were often noted e.g. a well-preserved community of Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei, whereas now in the region one observes mostly its different degenerated forms and rich floristic patches covering inconsiderable areas. Based on contemporary relevés as well as the 1970s flora records made in the valley of the Golionka River in the Tuchola Pinewoods a record of the phytocenoses found in those two periods of phytocenoses were broken down into. At present in the phytocenosis structure there dominate the phytocenoses representing class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea in a form of 8 associations or communities, which occur in total in almost 60% of the areas analysed. About 20% is covered by reed beds (Magnocaricion). The other part is made up of phytocenoses representing classes Atremisietea vulgaris, Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentis and Trifolio-Geranietea. It is a typical phytocenosis structure of extensively used meadows on dewatered peats. A large group of plant communities show ...
The Tuchola Pinewoods are mostly big areas of tree plantings. Around the village here there exist, however, fragments of open landscape. For a long time there have been observed, as part of them, changes in land use involving mostly the afforestation of successive areas. In the long run it can lead to radical landscape changes.The paper has tracked down the directions and the intensity of changes in the area coverage within the Śliwice glade in the Tuchola Pinewoods over the last 136 years (1874, 1985 and 2010). There has been also determined the susceptibility to changes in the use of various agricultural land: arable land and meadows. The changes in the coverage of the area involve mostly an increase in the share of wooded areas. The process affected mostly set-aside fields, while a definite majority of meadows have been still used. A decrease in the acreage of fields and meadows, as compared with the initial state, accounted for 56% and 17%, respectively, however meadows have started 'to shrink' recently; like fields, both before and after 1985. The areas transformed undergo fragmentation, which can lead to the disappearance of open landscape.In the area analysed mostly fields got fragmented. The initially existing ...
The aim of the study was to assess the rainfall deficits on two- and three-cut meadows the meadows in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz. The research was based on 34-year meteorological data gained from observations made in the years 1981-2014 at the Research Centre of the University University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, located in the village of Mochle, about 20 km from the city center. When assessing the local agroclimate, we used average monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation totals. Calculated for the meadows rainfall deficits and surpluses allowed to estimate the moisture conditions during the growth of the sward on two- and three-cut meadows. The average rainfall total in the growing season is 313 mm and meets the needs of meadow sward at 73%. On the two-cut meadows the largest rainfall deficit occurred during the accumulation of the first regrowth of sward, and on the three-cut meadows in the second regrowth. On the basis of the ratio of the relative precipitation index RPI it was found that at the average rainfall deficit of 113 mm the frequency of occurrence in the category of years was for normal 29.4%, dry 32.4, and wet 38.2%. Rainfall deficits present in ...
