The paper presents the location and resources of natural resources and the volume of mineral exploitation in the Strzelin county. In the field there occur such rocks like granitoids, granite gneisses gneiss, basalts, crystalline schsts, quartz-ites, quartzites schists, amphibolites, marbles, clays, loams, gravels and sands. Proven natural resources in Strzelin county are in the range of 283 481 000 tons, 8 625 000 tons of which have been exploited in the years 1999-2009. In the county is dominated deposits of common minerals products, that representing 96,7% of proved reserves. In terms of resources volume Strzelin commune is the richest one. In the area of Przeworno commune deposits of basic mineral products dominate. In the time period 2003-2008 an over sixth-time-increase of the exploitation was noted, what affected an increase of mining sector pressure on environment, land-scape and living conditions of local citizens. ...
Pierzchnica village is situated in the Kielce county. It lies east of No.73 road within the Kielce-Chmielnik-Busko Zdrój section. At present it is a local ad-ministrative unit with rural municipality status. The locality lost its town rights and was degraded to the village status, but still retained the features testifying its character of a small town. The paper describes the storage zone called the Cellar Mountain. A complex of over eighty century cellars is situated in this area. These identical objects were constructed successively with growing number of the town inhabitants. Customarily one cellar fell to each of the property owners. The owners and users of this unique, ancient cellar complex which has been preserved to this day, are the inhabitants of Pierzchnica village. Some of the preserved objects are still used for storage, the other are going to ruin. ...
Windbreaks are important vegetation line formations in rural landscape. They have polyfunctional significance and in particularly provide soil protection from erosion. The means of it function in the landscape is predetermined by its structure. The most important structure factors are considered their height and porosity. The actual, i.e. aerodynamical porosity, can hardly be quantified in the landscape and therefore it is often assesed by optical porosity determination. The optical porosity is determined by digital photographies and suitable software. By evaluation of the dynamics of the optical porosity in time, alterations in porosity of the windbreaks can be observed. The recognition and subsequent protection of the windbreaks leads to improved sustainable development in rural landscape.
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This paper presents the process of creation of the Wzgórza Strzelińskie (Strzelin Hills) Natural-Landscape Complex. It describes the rationale, the idea and the process of consultations and work on the resolution to establish the Complex, from the concept, through consultations to the adoption of the resolution. The paper discusses elements of natural and cultural values of the Complex that were the reason behind making Wzgórza Strzelińskie a legally protected site. Recommendations are presented concerning nature protection as well as prohibitions in force in the Complex. The paper lists potential threats to the natural environment, landscape and cultural resources of the Wzgórza Strzelińskie Natural-Landscape Complex.
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The article presents a problem of planning suburban areas on the example of Sobotka in the context of landscape changeability resulting from the socio - economic changes and spatial policy of the municipal authority. Discussion of creating the space is particularly important in relation to areas with large natural beauty (part of the municipality is located within Ślężański Landscape Park), where there are strong processes of urbanization. The result of the study is to determine the level of landscape synanthropisation - the indicator which, from the point of view of sustainable development, is extremely important. Comparing the results of the study with conditions and directions of spatial management helped to identify the areas where the threat of degradation of landscape values is greatest. It is the effect of bad planning decisions, resulting from too little awareness of the local community and local authorities of the effects that cause changing spatial structure in a historical landscape.
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The article discusses the problem of landscape capacity assessment - the degree to which the landscape is able to accept further changes in the spatial structure, without losing their existing visual qualities. The study are presented on example of Sulistrowice village, situated in Sobotka municipality, located within the functional area of Wroclaw, about 40 km from Wroclaw. Discussion of tools and methods to assess the landscape is particularly important in relation to areas of high landscape values (analyzed area is located within Slęzanski Landscape Park), which should be considered as priority in terms of the rules for sustainable management of the landscape. Proposed method based on the analysis of cartographic materials and inventory of landscape elements that have an impact on ability to hide the changes in the spatial structure. The study allowed to identify areas where changes in the spatial structure, especially the location of new buildings, resulting in a substantial loss of scenic values, and areas where the loss of these qualities will occur after distinguish the form, dimensions or color of new buildings. Planning decisions regarding the designation of new built-up areas which are often inadequate for current demands of society, are made without considering the consequences ...
In recent years there has been rapid development of computer technology giving us new possibilities of digital description of surrounding reality. Computer analysis of the attributes of parcels can be very useful in defining indicators un-derlying planning of furnishing and agricultural. These analyses help to properly plan the harmonious development of landscape and pick out areas for various types of investments. Creating a modern decision-making support systems that collect data and monitor changes in the space surrounding us, brings tangible economic benefits and positively affects the appropriate development of the space around us. ...
The study has in view to determine the planning studies impact on the value of the landscape. Attempt to assess the landscape have been taken prior to the adoption of local land use plan and after its enactment. The assessment was con-ducted on the basis of aerial photographs of the test terrain and the vision of the local. In this paper has been concluded comparative analysis of land-use plans for this terrain. The area which was analysed this „industrial zone" villages Morzy-chna. In order to determine the planning studies impact on the value of the land-scape has been used method the curve of the Wejchert. The method involves on contractual presentation of impressions and thrills the observer. By granting points in duly selected scale the observer shall be guided by intensity of sensations at specified intervals or, at a specified distance. The author of method proposes ten points at scale as well as mark them on a graph for the illustrating the changeability of impressions and thrills in contact with the landscape. ...
Cartographic elaboration that provide information about landscape changes are analysed in the article. The purpose of this article is to present the development of cartographic materials that provide information about landscape. At the outset illustrates the distribution of sources information about the landscape whereas the time period for which these resources apply. The following materials were analysed: Polish land register, topographic maps, master map, cadastral map, orthophotomaps, local spatial plan, and study of conditions and directions of spatial development. The article focuses on presenting the development of cartographic sources from Polish territory. The chart made on the basis of analysis shows periods in which each source occurred. Nowadays, modern technologies are used for establishing, maintaining, updating and sharing information on land. In order to properly present landscape changes both the old and new sources of information should be taken into account, also a constant modernization sources should be performed. ...
The paper concerns the issues related to rural landscape. The problem of recreational development of rural areas was discussed. The range of present and future changes of spatial, social, economic and ownership structure of rural areas will influence the landscape. One of the current tasks will be to find balance between protecting the natural and cultural landscape components, maintaining property rights of farmers and preserving tourists' interest. The paper presents studies of contemporary approaches to landscape understood as a public good. In this context public access to landscape has been presented. Public access to landscape should be considered in spatial management processes of rural areas. The proposition presented in the paper relates to two landscape categories: "inner landscape" and "outer landscape". An outer landscape is understood as a landscape seen by the observer (e.g panoramas, views) while an inner landscape are places where the observer can observe the landscape. Lack of the public access to view spots, view roads and view platforms disturbs landscape accessibility for landscape users. Rural landscape possesses high value for contemporary man. It constitutes a social reality that is very rich, Public access to landscape includes spatial planning and law regulations providing the right of way ...
The paper presents three necropolises of Podgórze, formerly an independent township, at present the municipal district No. XIII of Krakow. Indicated were elements of cultural material and spiritual heritage of the old and new Podgórze cemeteries and the largest cemetery from the World War II time, for what can be considered the area of Nazi concentration camp KL Płaszów. These cemeteries are a resting place of persons who made a lasting contribution to the history, scientific, cultural and social life of Podgórze. Epitaphs placed on old monuments, which are pieces of sculptural art, provide a source of information about the socio-professional structure and nationalities of Podgórze inhabitants, who became fast polonized. A significant element of the necropolises internal landscape are green area, which in many cases requires a change of composition and certainly better tending measures. ...
In the paper sever proportions of changes in land use structure of rural grounds and forest, which took place in the Baligród administrative district villages were introduced in years 1872 and 2009. Researches were based upon descriptive data of the past Austrian cadastre together with the modern cadastre of grounds and building. Such analysis was complemented only by vital statistic, which was appeared in studied villages. Man creates landscape where he leaves in decisive way although can not influence all the analyzed changes. Then, man'sactions in space have resulted in negative effects, which rural geodesy could eliminate by integrate works and the exchange of grounds. ...
In this paper we propose to look at rural landscape from the perspective of heritage. The issue of landscape is presented in the context of contemporary factors which result from the evolving approach both to the notion of heritage itself and to the rules of its conservation. It was noted that activities which identify not only the natural value of landscape but also its historic, cultural, visual, aesthetic and symbolic values, as well as activities which define a heritage community should become a permanent component of current works on integrated rural development. Rural landscapes are cultural landscapes emerged as a result of a long interaction of environmental factors with the activities of a community living in a given area. In these landscapes traces of the past can be seen in a form of landscape patterns. Identifying and defining landscape heritage should be an important component of spatial planning processes. Landscape is shaped on a local scale. In the spatial planning system existing in Poland it is local governments which are the authorities with the largest responsibility over spatial planning. The mere conservation of landscape resources without any measures which aim at planning and managing these resources is not sufficient as ...
In September 2015, the spatial planning legislation in Poland changed significantly as a result of the entry into force of the new law called "Landscape Act". It is related especially to the need to prepare once every 20 years a landscape audit at regional level. Landscape audit will be a document influencing on the study of spatial planning conditions and directions, local spatial development plans and protection plans for different forms of nature protection. It is supposed to be a response to the progressive degradation of the Polish landscape, as well as the way of implementing the provisions of the European Landscape Convention into Polish law, almost 12 years after its ratification. One of the possible ways of implementing the provisions of this document, apart from the identification of landscape types, is also taking notes of their changes over time and analyzing the forces and pressures transforming them.This article evaluates the way of implementation of the European Landscape Convention in this field by analyzing the proposed content of the landscape audit. A method of assessing landscape change index has also been proposed as a way of recording the level of changes that have occurred in the landscape and ...
The paper discusses the issue of the "A", "B", "C" zones of spa protection regulated by "The law on spa treatment, health resorts and its protected areas, and on health resort administrative districts" (2005) aspart of the spa area or spa protection area, defined in a spa statute, established in order to protect healing medical properties and natural medical resources in the respect of values of environment protection and spa facilities. The aim of the research, the results of which arepresented in the paper, was to identify the problems related to the functioning of protection zones in spas in Polish. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the efficiency of zoning as an instrument of landscape protection, defined by the European Landscape Convention as a geographical-psychological reality perceived in a multi-sensory way. In the course of the research, selectedplanning and strategic documents were analysed, including spa statutes. On their basis, the cities in Poland with the largest and smallest area of the A zone of spa protection and health resorts in Poland according to thesize of the area of different types of spa protection zones were compared. The outcomes of the research were juxtaposed with the conclusions drawn in ...
The paper describes and evaluates the space of Stobrawski Landscape Park located in the north-western part of Opolskie Voivodeship. The study on natural and tourism values was conducted by the "classification-by-points" method. The following evaluation criteria were adopted for the natural values: forestation rate, heterogeneity, the occurrence of natural protection forms and the occurrence of surface water, while for the tourism values, the criteria included: cultural diversity, the number of objects of historical value, the length of tourist trails, the presence of educational paths, and the occurrence of accommodation and catering facilities. Three evaluations, namely natural, tourism, and comprehensive tourism-and-natural evaluation, were carried out. The Head Office of Land Surveying and Cartography data, specialist literature, and field research results were used. The conducted analysis revealed the spatial diversity of the park's assets, which allows the authors to suggest measures aimed at exploiting the tourism potential of the area concerned while observing the principle of sustainable development. In terms of the natural environment, the most valuable fragments of the area under study are river valleys, particularly the Oder river valley, and the north-western part of the park where, inter alia, 4 nature reserves are located. In view of the low tourism ...
