Sewage treatment aims mainly at protection of the natural environment and primarily protection of surface water purity. Sewage treatment process is always accompanied by sewage sludge, which is defined an organo-mineral solid phase of sewage. Chemical composition of the sludge my be different depending on the kind of treated sewage and applied processing technologies. Sewage sludge constitutes about 2% of the total volume inflowing to sewage treatment plants. Construction of new sewage treatment plants and intensification of treatment process cause an increase in the amount of produced sewage sludge and raises its storage costs, which may be very high, reaching even 50% of total costs generated by a sewage treatment plant. An alternative for storing large amounts of sewage sludge may prove its natural utilization, which would also contribute to reduce costs born by sewage treatment plants. Some previous research has already demonstrated sewage sludge usability for the following purposes: reclamation of devastated lands, plant consolidation of ground surface or composting sewage sludge. However, agricultural utilization of sewage sludge still raises numerous controversies. It is due mainly to insufficient information about sewage sludge. However, research results convince that the problem of sewage sludge is worth ...
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the mixture of many waste types, including organic waste (garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste, paper and cardboard etc.). Such waste creates a living environment for various microorganism species, many of which are known as pathogenic. The presence of microorganisms in favorable conditions (pH, organic matter content, carbon content, moisture, appropriate granulation) leads to decomposing of organic matter, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature. Microorganisms in waste pose a serious risk for staff operating at waste treatment plants. Moreover, heat released by their activity may cause a fire in waste storage facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to search for methods of waste stabilization and hygienization. The most commonly applied technology for waste stabilization is its processing in Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plants. Such treatment is capital- and time-consuming, however. Waste liming can become an alternative method for stabilization and hygienization of waste. Lime addition is one of the oldest method known by humans for hygienization of certain waste materials, such as animal waste. Currently, liming is applied in sewage sludge treatment as one of the initial operations and is necessary for further sludge management processes. The aim of the research ...
