Organic sewage of the potato industry is being purified in soil filters – in the form of filter fields established on permeable soils. In seventies of the 20th century they were making an attempt at adopting the conception of agricultural using organic sewage for forest conditions. The forest sewage treatment plant for the Potato Industry Plant in Iława was started up in 1984. For distributing sewers a rain gun was put on with rotational sprinklers. Area of irrigated object covers 216 hectares of pine tree stands in the Iława Forest District (from 2001 the sewage treatment plant was limited to 175 ha). In 1984 a net of 30 piezometers was put on, from what 16 they located on the area of the sewage treatment plant, and 14 outside its borders. These piezometers served mainly for observation of the level of groundwater. A few times a year from some piezometers testers of water were being taken for quality examinations. The aim of the following paper was an assessment of changes of the groundwater quality near the forest sewage treatment plant in Iława, occurring under distribute sewers from the potato industry in 2006–2007 years. A physicochemical composition of testers of water was ...
In the paper are presented groundwater level changes in house wells located within upper Nysa Klodzka catchment for period 1971-2005. Low groundwater flow periods are designated by application of two methods: first one - on the basis of soil drought hazard index kn and second one - low flow and very low flow designated by truncation levels: probability of water level p = 50% (very low flow), probability p = 90% (low flow). Obtained results enable to designate low flow periods in analysed term and make possible to compare both methods. In method using of soil drought hazard index, more restricted criteria are used, so this methods is fit to designation low groundwater flow in multiannual periods. Following method may be applicated to define beginning and end of low groundwater flow periods within the year. ...
Maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides can by elaborated using Attenuation Factor (AF) approach, evaluated by Rao et al. in 1985. AF concept takes into account such transport phenomena as: advection, sorption and, biodegradation. AF model requires data on hydrogeology, groundwater recharge, soil environment properties (dry bulk density and organic carbon content) as well as pesticide properties as half-life decay and sorption coefficient of pesticide by organic matter. Nowadays GIS environment is the most suitable tool for mapping groundwater vulnerability to pollution according to AF approach. The presented concept consists on modification of original Rao’s concept (equation 7) to the form given by equation 10. Firstly two numerical maps (grids) for spatial distribution of parameters A and B (according to equation (8)) have to be created and next any individual user will be able to create the vulnerability map on his own for given pesticide. Visualizations (maps) of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides should be used as supplementary tools by farmers and extension services, local water and environmental authorities as well as by legislative bodies. ...
Specific groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides depends on natural conditions in agricultural catchment (climatic, hydrologic and soils) as well as pesticide properties, such as sorption coefficient by organic carbon and pesticide persistence in the soil environment. The most comprehensive method of presenting the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is its mapping and further analysis of maps. Maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides have been produced in GIS environment using Attenuation Factor (AF) approach, evaluated by Rao et al. in 1985. For the area of Ciesielska Woda agricultural catchment 25 maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by pesticides have been produced, for various combinations of Koc and t1/2 (table 2, figures 1 and 2). Analysis of the maps clearly identified these pesticides, which are the most dangerous for groundwater quality in particular natural conditions within the catchment area (figure 3)
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In this article the results of analysis of selected water contaminants (nitrate nitrogen, chlorides, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium) in groundwater samples taken in spring and autumn of year 2006 from six piezometers located in the municipal waste dumping ground in Wojczyce area (completing the former monitoring), were presented.Groundwater flowing to the municipal waste dumping ground in Wojczyce was characterized by the good quality. In groundwater flowing out behind the dumping ground an increase of analysed pollutants' concentration was observed, however only in some of the piezometers it caused essential deterioration of groundwater quality.
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The work discusses the basic issues of protection of the aquatic environment in the context of the operation of the facility, with reduced infrastructure support. Survey, the quality of groundwater and the wastewater during the advanced service in the years 2006-2008 after a period of winter the meltdown, were analysed, including benchmarking, which takes into account the variability in the composition of both the groundwater in-flow opacimeter and outflow and leachate collected in the landfill. In assessing the environment includes the components of the compromised sites, as well as the type, quantity and origin of deposited waste.The detailed analysis of the background of the results of the analyses carried out, requires above all to assess the efficiency of the system for the dehydration of the landfill, with an indication of the solutions for the protection of the aquatic environment in the context of the increase of mass deposited of municipal waste not selectively collected. ...
In the article an influence of measurement inaccuracy of longitudinal and transverse dispersivity coefficients on solutions of dispersion equation, which is a basis of mathematical model of pollutant movement in groundwater, was inves-tigated. An analytical solutions of dispersion equation for temporary or constant point source of pollution were used. Inaccuracy of dispersivity coefficients was de-scribed by normal distribution. Multivariable computations for various values of dispersivity coefficients enable to notice that time-space distribution of pollutant concentration depends on parameters of dispersion equation. Maximum coefficients of variation of computed concentrations are situated near boundary of con-taminated region. These are regions of maximum risk of incorrect result of compu-tations. Area average coefficient of variation for constant and temporary source of pollution is non increasing time function. Its denote stability of mathematical model for pollutant movements in groundwater. ...
The research area is located in Uroczysko Warta, Czeszewo Forest District, Jarocin Forest Division. The Uroczysko Warta is a forest, situated on flood plain terrace on the left bank of the Warta River, between 332 and 337.5 km of its course and the confluence section of the Lutynia River (0 to 3.2 km). Mean annual precipitation for the period of 1951 - 2000 is 546 mm. Variability of annual precipitation is very high: every 10 years precipitation is ca 380 mm and a cyclicity is observed for episodes of wet and dry years. Assessment of seasonal variability of ground water level was performed on the basis of monitoring data for the period from March 2009 to May 2011collected from 26 piezometers. In addition data series of water stages from 7 gauging staffs installed in oxbow lakes and Lutynia River were utilized. Groundwater levels were measured automatically. Flood plain forests are the most complex forest ecosystems. River channelization, construction of embankments, river damming and construction of reservoirs resulted in reduc-tion of flooding events fraquency and degradation of flood plain forests. In Poland only 0.2% of total area of flood plain forest habitats is covered by flood plain forests. Uroczysko Warta ...
The area subjected to analysis is located in the north-west part of Poland in Pomerania province. The study is located in the vicinity of meteorological research station managed by the Department of Meteorology, University of Life Sciences in Poznań. The area is located within the buffer zone of Drawieński National Park. Standard tests of the water conditions in forests based on river basin schema, which basically makes evaluation the quasi-point impossible (in units or subunits of forest). Therefore, to calculate the profile drainage and retention changes proposed measurements of groundwater levels in the trailing transects and marking moisture in the aeration zone using TDR method. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) became known as a useful method for soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity measurement in the 1980s through the publication of a series of papers by Topp, Dalton and others. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a highly accurate and automatable method for determination of porous media water content and electrical conductivity. Water content is inferred from the dielectric permittivity of the medium, whereas electrical conductivity is inferred from TDR signal attenuation. Empirical and dielectric mixing models are used to relate water content to measured dielectric permittivity. Clay and organic ...
In the work presented and discussed the results of the study of groundwater in the area of the landfill site, which has been done in the years 2004 - 2008 in three piezometer points. For the analysis were taken into account the value of the reaction, electrolytic conductivity, TOC, Cr + 6, Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn and PAH. The results of the test of groundwater are normative values of Polish Standards, as well as the comparative analysis was taking into account the direction of their flow. The topic of the work was to assess the quality of these waters at the stage of the operation of the municipal landfill site. Tested waters in area of the landfill site was characterized by variability of their composition. In particular, an increase in the content of cadmium has confirmed influence of waste in underground waters on their outflow and on their qualities in result limited proficiency of drainage system of the landfill site. However, increased contents of product of incomplete combustionof organic product on inflow so as well outflow of this water it has exerted relationship with interaction of the effects of anthropogenic. ...
The subject of the study is quaternary groundwater intaken by 10 drilled wells numbered as follows: S-7a, S-9a, S-11b, S-12b, S-15a, S-16a, S-17a, S-18a, S-20a and S-21 constructed in the period 1971 - 1993 and forming "Stare ujęcie" located in Stalowa Wola. Total manganese concentration in waters of "Stare ujęcie" intake falls within the range from 0.001 mgMn•dm-3 to 2.57 mgMn•dm-3, and total iron - from 0.01 mgFe•dm-3 to 6.50 mgFe•dm-3. Given the quality classification of "Stare ujęcie" waters - they predominantly belong to 3rd and 4th class and their quality is unsatisfactory. The chemical composition variability of the intaken waters is spatially presented in the study in the form of hydroisolines, while the temporal variability was discussed descriptively and with the use of statistical coefficient of variation. The variability of total iron concentration in waters of "Stare ujęcie" is very high in the case of wells S-7a and S-17a, in the case of wells S-9a, S-18a, S-20a and S-21 - it is high, while in well S-15a the variability is medium. Concentration of total manganese in waters of wells S-15a and S-18a is characterized by low variability, in waters of wells S-7a, S-9a and S-21 - by medium variability, ...
Basic greenhouse vegetables in Poland are grown in open soilless system in which an excess of nutrient solution leaking from area of root system is discharged into the ground or drains of greenhouses. Drainage water from the growing slabs is more concentrated than nutrient solution supplied for plants. The aim of research conducted in the years 2010 - 2012 was to determine the effect of drainage water from soilless cultivation of tomato and cucumber on the mineral content in shallow groundwater occurring in objects of cultivation and in their neighborhood. Water samples for chemical analyzes were collected at intervals of three weeks from the piezometers located in greenhouses and adjacent areas within 25 and 300 m from the object. . The results of chemical analyzes of water indicate an increase in the degree of pollution of the waters of mineral nutrients. Ground water directly under soilless cultivated plants were contaminated almost all mineral nutrients that are in media fertilizers. Groundwater in significant quantities from entering nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Contamination of ground water in the cucumber crop was at a similar level as in tomato cultivation. Mineral content in the groundwater decreased with increasing distance from the objects ...
The natural and man-caused climate changes are the cause of hydrologic disturbance. Throughout the last decades of XXth century, particularly at the beginning of 8th decade of XXth century a groundwater level decreased over 6,000 ha area in Kaliska Forest District. The hydrologic disturbance lasted until the mid-9th decade of XXth century and the study on hydrological restitution project was undertaken at that time. The project had been implemented since 1996 to 2003. As a result the rise of groundwater level has been observed over the area of 5,000 ha. The surface water storage and ground water level has been monitored for the period 2012-2013 after thawing at the early Spring till the next late Autumn first snowfall. Groundwater storage sates undergo long and short-term changes. Short-term changes are the result of meteorological conditions and uptake of water by the vegetation. Long-term variability is caused by e.g. forest stand dynamics. Due to relatively short period of the groundwater level monitoring, the paper discusses solely short-term variability of groundwater level. ...
Because of more and more frequent droughts and observed climate changes, infrastructural investments in forest are at present targeted at increasing water resources, which is realized under the so-called small-scale water retention. Forest reservoirs located in Pomorze Forest District in the north-eastern Poland, which was selected for research, fits this trend. The constructed facilities were to reduce the indications of habitat dryness and to improve fire prevention. The investment consisting in building 14 objects of water melioration has changed water conditions in the research area. 12 oak dams, stone weir and an earth pond for amphibians have been built. As a result of the realized investment, the level of water has increased and problems with periodical flooding of forest habitats have occurred. At the beginning of 2012, observational and measuring wells were created to monitor all occurring changes of the soil water table. The received data can be useful in clarifying the causes for flooding and in possible suggestions to improve the existing water conditions. This paper presents the analysis of the influence of realized investments on the changes in the level of groundwater between 2012 and 2014. ...
