The Białka stream is a tributary to the Biała river with a basin area of 31.4 km2. In its upper course the catchment is situated on the south-eastern slopes of the Beskid Śląski Mountains. The research was conducted was to compute the area of the Białka river upper catchment limited by a planned dam. The area computations were conducted automatically by GPS device (GARMIN GPS map 76S) from the recorded trace which proceeded along the catchment boundaries. The catchemnt boundaries were marked by the watershed line passing through the highest peaks in this region: Szyndzielnia (1023 m a.s.l.). Klimczok (1117.0 m a.s.l) and Magura (1115.0 m a.sl) and the site of the planned retention reservoir. The conducted measurements comprised the surface leveling of the catchment fragment. The measurement was made using GPS technology for determining location points, whereas the altitudes of points were determined by GPSmap 76S built-in altimeter. The digital barometrical altimeter was calibrated each time prior to measurements to known points of the base line. The points were recorded automatically with time interval of every 10 seconds, whereas the characteristic points were recoded using MARK functions and a description was added. The data was elaborated initially using Trip ...
Selection of localizations for municipal landfills belongs to complex multicriteria decision making problems. The paper presents a methodology developed for selecting localizations for municipal landfills based on Geographic Information System (GIS) technique coupled with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Joining these two methods makes possible incorporation of various quantitative and qualitative factors and solving the problem in a holistic way. GIS technique enables to include criteria resulting from the legal directives (so called rule-out criteria) and conducting spatial assessment in view of the area usability for waste deposition. In result we obtain areas suitable for waste deposition (predisposed) and the terrains where any localization of landfills is absolutely prohibited. AHP method was used to select the most suitable localization variant from the set of areas predisposed for waste deposition. For this purpose the structure of the task was presented as a developed hierarchy model with the scale of influence. Construction of the model required a proper selection of criteria and sub-criteria, and the scale of influence of individual sub-criteria on the considered localizations. Owing to the method of its construction the developed multi-criteria model with the scale of influence is a universal one and may be applied also for problems other ...
The amount of municipal wastes is growing every year and the negative social and environmental impacts became more severe. While integrating with the EU Poland was obliged to reach a 25% recycling level by 2007 and at least 55% level until 2014. Currently 25.6% wastes are recycled, which mainly results from segregation of processing wastes, withdrawing from use multi-use packaging and packaging originating directly from large retail outlets. Currently the recycling level of municipal wastes in Poland is 5.1%. About 1.5% is segregated from the mass of gathered mixed wastes. Poland will have to increase these levels in order to meet the EU requirements. The solutions adopted in the National Plan of Waste Management do not meet either the expectations of the society or local governments. Therefore, new methods of waste recycling should be sought. In the Scandinavian countries one of such methods is Communal Point of Selective Waste Accumulation, commonly known as “Recycling Centre”. The paper presents the methodology of selecting the localization for the “recycling centre” using GIS-based multicriteria analy-sis. The places were chosen on the basis of elaborated localization criteria indi-cating the excluded areas and the terrains predestined for the localization of a recycling centre. ...
Amount of generated municipal wastes depends on many factors, witch themost important are: life standard, population's rate and goods' consumption scaleand intensity.The kind of produced wastes depends on the area where the wastes aregenerated, population denisity, buldings' types, objects of public utility, trade outpostmagnitude and intensity of industry and services.In this paper there was verified dependence between municipal wasteproduction and one of the social-economic factor which is structure of economicactivity (by Polish Classification of Activity - PKD).The researches were conducted in communes of Malopolska Region. Theaverage amounts of produced wastes in different business communes's type andsignificance of differences among average were defined in the analysis.There was indicated that the biggest waste production (per capita) havecommunes, where the dominant business activities are financed (or insurance),transport or tourism. The least wastes are generating with construction, energeticand agriculture as the main economic activity. ...
The municipal waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes col-lected by a municipality within a given area. EU waste management principles were defined in the Waste Framework Directive 74/442/EWG. In 2007 in EU countries 261 Mio Mg waste (522 kg*(capita*year)-1) were generated. In Poland the production index was lower and came to 322 kg*(capita*year)-1. 179 communes of Malopolska were choused as the research area. Jenk's method (natural break algorithm, also known as the goodness of variance fit (GVF).) was used in the analysis. This method in the best way describes spatial data arrangement. The Jenks optimization method was used to classify features us-ing natural breaks in data values. It was used to minimize the squared deviations of the class means. Optimization was achieved when the quantity GVF was maxi-mized.There was made a spatial analysis of the waste production, numbers of inhabi-tants and population densities in Malopolska communes by means of GIS soft-ware. Based on the gotten results there were defined the average quantities of generated waste in the specified communes' classes. ...
Complete information regarding the real estate and existing spatial condi-tions are the base of proper land management. Because of spatial character of the commune real estate, a basic tool for the land management is the Geographic In-formation System. Providing the commune with GIS system is a very expensive and long-term process unprofitable for subdivisions like communes.The paper introduces a combination of data processing system for the commune real estate management (parcels) with digital map based on municipal council database. This solution presents the best and the most comprehensive way of the commune parcel management.Descriptive data gathered in the database was located on the digital map and separated from the parcels remaining. Moreover, the layer presenting soil classes according to the land records map was created.Ultimate layer was generated from common parts of the objects located on parcels and soil classes. It allowed objects to be located on one thematic layer as well as analyzing the use if commune parcels automatically.The most positive effect of such analyzing method is the possibility of unli-mited data processing, free GIS-system development and system possibility for self-improvement, which is promising for system and method development.
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Cleanliness control is one of the local government responsibilities. The local government actions should be taken not only against inhabitants and real es-tate owners.Local governments should carry out the quality and monitoring control of the pollution processes at the farms.Paper presents a description of already existing control system. The digital map was combine with database. The table presents farms, which hide the real amount of sewage and their location. It helps to estimate the pollution danger and to change the management of the land by implementing more restrictive control system.At this example an application combined from two elements such as digital map and database was tested. The cost of the this information system implementa-tion was lower than creating it from the beginning.
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The most important issues modern hydrogeology is: exploitation and pro-tection of groundwater intakes.This paper presents, the area where located is the water inake Serby, pos-sibility of using Geographic Information System using applications Arcgis, Surfer for the analysis of archival data and results of field studies.Many geographic, geological and hydrogeological information presented in the described and graphical database. The result was the groundwater model and the protection zone for water intake Serby.
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One of the indicators of sustainable development is spatial order, under-stood as a spatial arrangement which includes e.g. natural, social and economic, cultural as well as compositional and aesthetic conditions. Ensuring spatial order in rural areas is difficult due to various forms of elements occurring there. How-ever, the original method for assessing spatial order of rural areas presented in the study allows to assess the spatial order and at the same time provides the possibility of demonstrating which of the elements making up the space under analysis has a negative effect on the land management status. The study also presents a theoretical concept of a GIS database supporting the assessment of the spatial order of rural areas, indicating its source components, which include, e.g. a land and building register and a soil-agricultural map. Additionally, it also shows some examples of spatial analyses, the results of which have been derived in the form of a map assessing the status of spatial order and a tabular-descriptive report supplementing it.
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Municipal waste management according to EU Directives means the gath-ering, collection, recovery, disposal and monitoring of their creation. The most important linking element in this system is a transport of wastes, mainly carried out through a specialized companies. In Poland, more than 70% costs of waste management system is generated by collection and waste transport from customer to disposal places [Tyc-Szmil 2003]. The effect of rising fuel prices, increased wages of drivers and loaders, is an increasing cost of waste management. A lot of eco-company have to optimize their transport logistics system to minimalizing of costs. To rationalize the transport system are used publicly available computer programs to optimize travel routes or the state fleet.In this paper authors formulation logistic problem of optimization the exist-ing waste transport system. The problem was solved using the developed model of decision-making structure. Authors conduct a spatial analysis of waste transport system for determine optimal collection sectors in the city, based on data collected about the waste transport logistics system in the company MIKI. The main aim of the optimization was to minimize the value of the garbage truck's courses [km] at a determining volume of solid waste collected.
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In the 21st century, at constant economic and industrial development, the efficient and fast management of technical infrastructure is a key element. Its quality and technical condition considerably influence rural development, possibi-lities to acquire capital, create new jobs, etc. One of the key issues is the road infrastructure, i.e., network of commune roads, and its condition, while the possibility of management and promptness of decision making determine and are of key importance for planning further development of the commune.In order to manage the road network efficiently and fast, the commune needs all available relevant information. Data describing road technical parameters are the spatial data. Accumulation of the data in geographical database gives a general spatial picture of the commune road network. All data describing roads are recorded in so called road books. The obligation is imposed on the communes by the Minister of Infrastructure Regulation in the method of numbering and registration of public roads [Journal of Laws, No. 67, Items 582 and 583 of 25 April, 2005].The main objective of the presented paper was the realization of a geogra-phical database of the parameters of road network for the Raciechowice Commune Authorities using GPS receiver and the MapSource and ArcView ...
Out of all the people who visit Polish forests, not even one would fail to no-tice the trash, so often hidden here and there between the trees. Nature 2000 area is not free of it either. Is is essential to define how much and what kind of litter is in these forests. Operations where carried on in 2010 on the grounds of the Ostrów Mazowiecka community forests in order to determine the trash location and its amount. Data gathered thanks to the GPS techniques where inserted into the GIS system. This greatly helped in carrying out spatial analysis of the phenomenon under investigation. ...
The study presents a scenario of expansion of residential development in the Minsk poviat based on analysis of the local market characteristics of undeveloped land. A spatial analysis model was developed allowing for estimation of the number and value of market transactions in relation to selected location factors positively and negatively affecting (onerous neighbourhood) the value of real estate. Preferences for a given location factors were estimated on the basis of the developed graphic method presenting analysis results. Basing on the preference evaluations, significance of individual factors was determined. The resulting map illustrating the expected expansion of land development in the study area was prepared. The study area covered selected communes of the Mińsk poviat strongly affected by the local urban centre - Mińsk Mazowiecki and the central city - Warsaw, i.e.: Cegłów, Dębe Wielkie, Jakubów, Mińsk Mazowiecki, Siennica, and Stanisławów. In order to meet the objective of the study, the ArcGIS ESRI geographical information system was applied, along with data from the real estate price and value register, database of topographic objects, cadastre information included on the iGeoMap website, and the WMS Geoportal service. ...
GIS is becoming more and more popular tool supporting real estate appraisal. An example of such system is BORISplus, operating in Germany. The system may be a model for similar solutions. It is transparent and available for both ordinary users and real estate appraisers.An important source of data necessary for real estate appraisal in Poland is the register of prices and values for real estates (RCiWN) so the project is based on RCiWN. The project was created in GeoMedia software, released by Intergraph. Data may be displayed on a map. Attribute and spatial queries may be created in order to analyse the data. Implementation of GIS to the register of prices and values for real estates may significantly improve real estate appraisal. ...
Protection of water and land, terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands depend on water which are regarded as a national treasure, requires the establishment the sustainable management of resources, including preventing degradation and protection against the deterioration of their condition. The research are aimed at evaluating the possibility of using modern geospatial data such as DTM, aerial photography and digital images and their visualizations using GIS tools to acquire natural surface water, areas at risk of flooding and pollution associated with ground water and surface runoff including agricultural land. The study was conducted within the city of Koszalin in the typical urban and suburban develop-ment. The results show that the developed methods are more cost effective and less labor intensive than traditional, and characterized by high accuracy of determining the boundaries of areas. ...
The agricultural production in Poland carried out on almost 60% of the country. Much of this activity takes place in areas which are protected by law or the ones which display adverse natural conditions for agricultural production. This creates a number of restrictions for agricultural intensification. These limitations have a different character and different degree of "discomfort" for the farmer. Moreover, very often difficulties of various types overlap in a particular area. The purpose of this study was to present the spatial distribution of these limitations by using GIS tools. The most advers conditions for farming management (over 80% of agricultural land of voivodeship is located on areas were agricultural production is difficult) the agriculture meets in podkarpackie, lubelskie and małopolskie voivodeship. The least of the impacted agricultural areas, about 53%, is located in kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship. ...
In the frame of a country-scale project "IT system for protection against extraordinary hazards" (ISOK), tasks aiming at the development of flood risk maps are realized. The major activity related is the creation of hydrodynamic models (1D) for rivers with significant flooding potential. For certain conditions, especially for urban areas a 2D modelling is recommended and will also be applied. The paper presents the current methodological background and the feasibility of numerical hydraulic modelling. Data resources and their processing along with software for numerical computation and results visualisation will be outlined. A focus will be given to the geoinformation data, in particular to air-born Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and 2D hydrodynamic modelling tools. Finally, a 2D hydrodynamic model for the Nysa Łużycka simulating the passage of flood in 2010, influenced by the failure of the Niedów Dam, will be presented as well. ...
One of the important problems of hydraulic modeling is the appropriate representation of the geometry of the main river channel and valley. In the case of two-dimensional models, the main source of spatial information is data obtained by laser scanning (ALS). In spite of its generally high precision in the valley, the result for main riverbed doesn't correspond to the reality, due to the data acquisition process. During the process, laser beam is not able to penetrate the water, most of the beam is absorbed by the water and there is either no return signal or it is very weak and distorted. It is therefore necessary to generate the channel bathymetry data by conducting the interpolation technics on the data collected by the field survey. In the case of one-dimensional models or quasi-two-dimensional the field measurements are the main source of geometric data, but due to high labor costs, the measurements of the cross-sections are usually performed at large intervals. Sparse cross-section data lead to instability in the models, and also in the case of meandering rivers, portion of the discharge may be omitted or doubled. Solution to the problem is a densification of the cross-sections data inserted in to ...
In recent years there has been rapid development of computer technology giving us new possibilities of digital description of surrounding reality. Computer analysis of the attributes of parcels can be very useful in defining indicators un-derlying planning of furnishing and agricultural. These analyses help to properly plan the harmonious development of landscape and pick out areas for various types of investments. Creating a modern decision-making support systems that collect data and monitor changes in the space surrounding us, brings tangible economic benefits and positively affects the appropriate development of the space around us. ...
The aim of this paper is evaluate of the technical infrastructure layer use-fulness in Suloszowa community planning process. Authors was assumed that the layer will allow a thorough analysis of existing community facilities in terms of utilities, identify problem areas and present the offer to potential investors. In the application of the technical infrastructure layer analysis, focuses on networks of underground and overhead infrastructure: water, gas, electricity and telecommu-nications. Spatial analyzes were performed based on the created layers of spatial information system, that can be used by the municipal administration level in the space management. The utilities network layer allowed to identify community in-vestment offer by analyzing infrastructure net and buildings in the production areas, warehouses and storage facilities. In this article has also included an conclusion for variation of methods used to calculate the density of the network indicators per area unit. ...
The article presents the method of analysis of critical infrastructure, basing on the method of detection and identification of recognized objects applied very high resolution imagery data. Authors described the informative contents of both aerial and satellite images. They also showed, that factor usefulness of satellite imageries, is not their high measuring possibilities but the limited interpretative possibilities. Special attention was also paid on radiometrical and spectral resolution of gaining imageries as a critical factors in interpretation of aerial and satellite images process. In the paper the analytic procedures of images as well as using of author's tools to the semi-automatic interpretation of images, were introduced. Presented method includes: the analysis of problem and the definition of interpretative aim of analysis, the selection of source materials, semi-automatic as well as manual interpretation, the results processing in environment of Geographic Information Systems and making accessible data. According to designed method the results of spatial analysis are published with application of WWW servers as well as in the image map form, which is created through cartographical study of ortophotomap, enriched with information coming from other spatial data sources. ...
Land consolidation is a complex process requiring the consideration of rich resources of data on the land under consolidation, preferences of participants of the consolidation regarding arrangement of newly projected parcels, performance of a number of spatial analyses, and taking decisions concerning optimal design solutions among many potential scenarios. Such a multi-aspect process requires the development of tools in the environment being able to face these criteria. Such an environment is currently constituted by Geographical Information Systems. The technological advantages of those systems in the process of transformation of rural areas are appreciated in a number of countries. This is exemplified by numerous international publications on the subject. In Poland, however, the systems are not fully exploited in the execution of particular stages of the land consolidation process. This article presents an example application of spatial analysis in the spatial management of rural areas. It assesses the risk of water erosion of a loess area in the northern part of the Harta village (Podkarpackie Voivodeship) based on basic criteria, namely water conditions, land use, and land relief, with the application of ArcGIS ESRI software. The source data (the registration database, ortophotomap, and soil-agricultural map at a scale of 1:5000) were ...
The dynamic growth of civilisation requires sufficient access to broadly defined infrastructure. The term stands for a collection of public service devices and installations that are indispensable for providing proper operation of national economy and society's existence [Krakowiak-Bal, 2004]. For centuries, infrastructure has been best developed in the places characterised by highest population density, i.e. mainly in urban areas. This tendency is still noticeable, however, the implemented programs and European Union funds ensure reducing disproportions between rural and urban areas. The main role in this process is occupied by the Rural Development Programme, which enables receiving external funding for the realisation of infrastructure investments most crucial for the region. According to Siemiński [1996], infrastructure, with regard to its scope, is categorised into three groups: utility infrastructure, social infrastructure and economic infrastructure. The present paper considers the issues of utility infrastructure. This type of infrastructure is characterised by unalterable location in an area, general accessibility, functionality and availability. It is considered to be linear, long-lasting, capital-intensive (requiring high investment and exploitation expenditures) indivisible, and its construction requires complex technique and technology. All branches of utility infrastructure (such as waterworks, sewage systems, roads, railroads, etc.) are closely connected with their ...
Designation of lands for development is a vital process. Regrettably, natural conditions are often disregarded in spatial planning. The research focuses on the analysis of soil conditions and relief for the purposes of exclusion of lands from development. It was assumed that lands of excessive soil moisture content and wetlands are often located in depressions. Such lands should be excluded from development or actions should be taken to limit the negative impact of the said factors. It was also investigated, whether such lands are considered in communal studies of conditions and directions of land use. SAGA-GIS and ArcMap software was used in the research, as well as data computed in OCTAVE environment. The research proves that the existing as well as contemplated development plots are sometimes located in areas of poor bearing capacity, excessive soil moisture content, as well as in closed drainage basins. It should be emphasized that the research results unambiguously indicate that analysis of suitability of given terrains for development is not taken into consideration for the purposes of drafting spatial planning documents. Approximately 25% of the investigated development area should be excluded from development. In rural areas such exclusion is particularly feasible due to greater availability ...
The paper presents the application of Moran's I statistics to show the grade of spatial autocorrelation statistic. An additional aim is to show the possibility of illustrating financial resources invested in the spatial objects. The main aim was to show the spatial autocorrelation measure based of diagnostic indicators describing the extra-budgetary funds for investment in the Malopolska province on community level. For this purpose, the data used for analysis were taken from the Central Statistical Office. Spatial autocorrelations of the indicators were illustrated in ArcView, statistical and spatial analysis were done in the R-CRAN. The analysis was carried on the 182 communes of Małopolska province. Based on diagnostic indicators analysis one can conclude that these measures are very useful in economic geography. ...
The study contains an analysis of the use of roads in the Roztocze National Park and its lagging for tourism purposes. It was carried out using the QGIS (wersje: 2.0.1. ‘Dufour' oraz 2.8.1. ‘Wien'). Map material and data characterizing the area was obtained from the Directorate Park and Forest Districts, where forests form the lagging of the Park. The research covered an area of 46 579 ha. The tourist data was verified based on own vision and travel guides available. Data for the analysis included: more than 531 km of forest roads, more than 227 km of public roads, more than 1621 km of internal roads, more than 320 km of touristic trails (walking, biking, horse riding and educational paths) and 48 of point objects. The first part of the analysis was to determine the common part of the touristic trails of all types with the types of roads highlighted in the documentation. The second part of the analysis was to create around a selected point objects (6 objects for the Park and 6 objects for the lagging) circular zone with a radius of 500 m, then calculates the degree of use of the roads in these areas for tourism ...
The increasing world population renders the developed energy sources of the industry insufficient, and existing energy sources become expensive. It is anticipated that the energy deficit will further increase in the future. Scientists are in search of new energy sources in the face of this fact. It is considered that the cattle breeding potential of the Southeastern Anatolia Region may increase both as a result of state supports and arable lands. Determining the potential biogas energy production areas of the Southeastern Anatolia Region in terms of cattle breeding is possible with the use of today's knowledge and technology. With this study, it was aimed to determine the obtainable biogas energy fields and the current situation for the provinces in the Tigris Basin (Diyarbakir, Mardin, Siirt, Batman, Sirnak). The number of cattle in the basin for 2015 was benefited from in this framework. The boundaries of the research provinces were drawn using ARCMAP 10.0 software by making geographical corrections. In order for the inquiries of each province to be made independently from other provinces, all boundaries were divided on the basis of provinces, districts and villages as separate layers. These data constitute the main material of the study. The number of ...
According to the amendment to the Act on maintaining cleanliness and order in communes, a stationary a municipal solid waste collection point (MSWCP) must be established in each Polish commune or commune union and situated close to the commune center. This point (MSWCP) should exist in the commune (or commune union), which are covered in 100% by protected zone. These objects are a new element in managing of the stream of municipal solid waste in Poland, known in the European countries as "household waste recycling centers" (HWRC).The aim of the work was developing the procedure with the use of tools enabling setting potential locations for MSWCPs in protected areas. The developed method was applied (for verification of the assumptions) in the process of seeking optimal locations for MSWCPs in the communes located in the Świętokrzyski National Park (ŚNP) protection zone. The paper presents the methodology for setting locations for municipal solid waste collection points. A method was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS). It was possible to designate between 98 and 191 potential locations of MSWCPs in the communes situated in the ŚNP protection zone. The assumed criterion of maximum distance ...
The land consolidation process is a measure transforming the spatial structure of rural areas in the countries of the European Union and Poland. It is a complex, extremely labour-consuming investment process preceded by a detailed inventory of the existing state, and analysis of objectives and tools as well as effects expected after its completion. It should constitute a component of sustainable and multifunctional development of rural areas, stimulating the development of functions fulfilled by such areas in the economic, social, and environmental aspect. Through changes in the ownership structure and land use, it permits designation of functional-spatial areas, therefore reducing potential spatial conflicts. It has a positive effect on the development of agriculture, and particularly ecological production, and other non-agricultural functions.The article presents a concept of the multicriteria model of spatial analyses aimed at supporting sustainable and multifunctional development of rural areas, with particular consideration of the land consolidation process. The concept of the model was prepared in accordance with the assumptions of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. This permitted ordering the rich resource of diverse input data in a logical structure for the purpose of development of multi-variant solutions to a given decision problem , and selection of ...
Erosion is a natural phenomenon which constantly changes the shape of the Earth's surface, yet it is regarded as a very serious harmful factor by people in view of their economic and investments activities. Ski slopes are a special example of areas with a serious erosion hazard due to a permanent deforestation, considerable longitudinal slopes, engineering works, levelling ski slopes, but also because of abundant surface runoff. The aim of the research was to compare the extent of potential soil erosion in deforested areas intended for ski slopes, with various anti-erosion measures implemented, as well as to discuss the possibility of RUSLE erosion model application under these conditions.The researched objects were ski runs on the eastern slopes of Mount Jaworzyna Krynicka (The Beskid Sądecki Mts.). Potential erosion was computed in the areas of seven ski slope segments in four variants of the area cover and applied anti-erosion measures. Some computational data (the ski slope area, average slope gradients, soil granulometric composition) were obtained from the Forest Digital Map and Digital Terrain Model, whereas numerical indicators used for the model were established on the basis of the subject literature.Under presented conditions, potential erosion losses were greatly diversified. The biggest losses, expressed ...
Efforts on the management of water resources, especially irrigation and drainage, in arid-semiarid areas are extremely important for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. Groundwater level should be constantly monitored and kept at the desired level in the project which is achieve the expected benefits from investments made for this goal. The research was done in right bank irrigation area which is located in Southeast Turkey, Suruc Plain in 2017. The spatial and temporal fluctuations of the groundwater table depth and groundwater salinity were measured in the course of five-month-periods; from July to October. The results of depth (m) and salinity (µmhos cm-1) of the groundwater observation wells were mapped using geographical information system (GIS). The results showed that groundwater was not found in many observation wells, while groundwater depth reached to a critical threshold level (<1 m) in wells with water from the mid-irrigation period (July) to the end (September and October). The groundwater depths were determined 0.0%, 0.34% for <1 m (risk for field crops cultivation) in July and August during maximum applied water for irrigation and was fluctuated between 68.35% and 96.81% for >2 m (risk free for drainage) from July to October in the study area. The ...
The energy transformation of the country requires an increase in the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy generation structure. This particularly applies to increasing the share of wind energy, which already serves as a leader in electricity production from RES. The development of this renewable energy sector is inevitable, despite social and legal barriers. Existing cartographic studies indicate areas that are predisposed and unsuitable for locating wind farms at the county level. It is important to identify potential areas at the local level, taking into account not only spatial criteria, but also those related to functional characteristics, such as rural areas. This paper presents an original method for identifying potential locations for wind farms in rural areas, tested using the example of the Borowa Commune (Podkarpackie Voivodeship). Analyses were conducted for three height variants of wind turbines (up to 30m, up to 50m, up to 70m). In Variant 1 (wind turbines up to 30m), 17 locations were identified (19% of the commune surface), in Variant 2, 7 areas were indicated (9% of the commune surface), and in Variant 3, 3 locations were identified (5% of the commune surface). The highest installed power can be achieved in Variant ...
