The cements contain, apart from Portland clinker, other non-clinker mineral components, mainly industrial refuse. The source of chemical pollution of the cement binders may originate from materials and substitute fuel (e.g. industrial and domestic refuse).The main goal of the research project was evaluating the influence of cement-ground road foundations on the roadside ecotone zones in the fresh mixed broad-leaved forest. The research focused on five types of cements, which contained different percentage of fly ashes and furnace slag. The process of chemical compounds leaching from cement-ground mixtures was described at two levels i.e. laboratory tests and field investigations. The reaction of both sand eluates and hardened cement-ground mixtures was analyzed to describe the influence of cement-ground mixtures on forming the reaction of ecotone zones soils. Additionally, the reactions of duff and soil samples taken at three depths were described. Trees assimilatory organs, as well as ground cover were also monitored. Samples of soils for chemical and bio-indication investigations were collected from two transects, parallel to the axis of each of the five experimental sections, as well as the experimental one. It was found out on the basis of the carried out experiments that the reaction of the eluates of all ...
Ground-cement composites are commonly used in public road foundations constructed also in forested areas. Layers of cement stabilized ground are utilized in road construction as improved basement soil or basic foundation. Compacted cementground composite layers are independently utilized as road surfaces, surfaces of fire emergency airports, manoeuvre areas,forest car parks, wood depots and peat-lands surfaces in forest road construction. A relatively low percentage of the binder brings about a fairly high permeability of the utilized cement-ground and makes it more susceptible to flaking and cracking, as well as inflitration by precipitation water. The cements contain, apart from Portland clinker, other non-clinker mineral components, mainly industrial refuse. The source of chemical pollution of the cement binders may originate from materials and substitute fuel (e.g. industrial and domestic refuse). The general objective of the project was to evaluate the influence of cementground composite road foundations on the roadside ecotone zones in the fresh mixed broadleaved forest. The carried out investigationsaimed at recognizing the process of washing out of chemical compounds from foundations depending upon the applied cement and condition of the foundation. Five types of different cements with a different share of non-clinker components (fly-ashes and blast furnace slags) were used for ...
The condition of the continuous existence of the forest ecosystem is the presence of balance of major processes of metabolisms. Each significant change in the chemical balance in the environment brings about disturbances of homeostasis, quantitative and qualitative succession of the major components of both plant and animal world, resulting in degradation of the forest environment. It is necessary to monitor forest environment to control changes in the environment. The network of forest monitoring is based on the fixed observation spots (SPO) of row I and II. Forest monitoring is a system of forest environment evaluation description and sanitary condition on the basis of continuous or periodical observations and measurements of the selected indicators in the observation spots. An additional duty is to fulfill the obligations undertaken by Poland concerning the frame of the Transborder Long Distance Migration of Pollution Convention, Biodiversity Convention, as well as the Strasburg resolution and Helsinki Paneuropean Conference of Ministers called to discuss Forest Protection in Europe, and EU directive Forest Focus Nr 2152/2003. The process of changes and adjustments of the monitoring to the EU demands began in 2004. The state forest monitoring programme introduced then the principle of two-level differentiating of the density ...
