We present cross-section deformations of forest slope roads with ground pavement stabilized of the crushed-run stone in Bieszczady. There is back researches (made in 1973-75) carried out in Department of Forest Researches or-der by the State Forests showed. Deformations was group in terms of exposition, soil type in the subgrade, downgrade and transverse crossfall of the roadway and part of the right of the way (cut slope, embankment slope, crown of the road and roadway).
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In the study there was presented measurement of superficial flow intensity from four sections of forest slope road. One of the road section was located where the excavation cut the drain of the intraground flow. Unit intensity of runoff from periods of low and high rainfall intensity and period of snow melting are being compared. Presented measurement shows distinctly advantage of the superficial flow from road section where the excavation cut the drain of the intraground flow over the other measured sections. This disproportion accentuates with low precipi-tations and in the period of snow melting - circa 30 times predominance. Compar-ing flows intensity from snow melting period with period with low precipitation disproportion achieves values more than 400 times. Features of road sections without the exudation of water from scarp assertion do not allow to determinate (according to this researches) strong connection of the particular feature with the intensity of water superficial flow from their pavements.
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In the study there was presented simulation of the volume counting of the water coming from surface flow which appears on highland forest roads. The basis were actual measures of surface flow from roads done in the Silesian Beskid in 2003-2004 period, and assumption of conditions homogeneity in 100 ha area for which the calculation was made. For different index of road net density (from 10 to 30 m∙ha-1), different precipitations (1,1; 2,1; 5,2; 9,8 mm) and established 3-hour lasting rainfall there was shown the simulated water amount and its pro-portion to precipitation (P) on total area. Results, among others, are as follow: for road net density 10 m∙ha-1 and rainfall 1,1 mm - 376 liters (0,03% P), for road net density 30 m∙ha-1 and rainfall 9,8 mm - 58 077 liters (0,6% P). There was also calculated surface flow volume on based on the data measured in snow melt period (3 hours long period) and the results are as follow: for road net density 10 m∙ha-1 - 75 588 liters, and for road net density 30 m∙ha-1 - 226 765 liters of water. In part of discussion we compared these results with standard water con-sumption by statistic person. ...
Forests in Jaworzyna complex belong to particularly precious for the sake of protection and economy. They are also basic element of cleading round the Krynica health resort, which is crucial for mineral water protection and microclimate in this region. In the last 10 years this natural landscape has been changed in large degree, because of construction of sports objects complex, mainly ski tours.Placing large amount of cubic and linear objects, which are for artificial for forest environment, caused many problems with forest management in the Ja-worzyna forest district. This especially goes for making forest available for com-munication in this region. Expanded ski trails net in evident way makes collision with forest roads net and constant skidding roads. In effect, significant part of complex are inaccessible in time and technical manners.Doing economic activity on Jaworzyna area, especially in winter time, has become very difficult or even dangerous. In the study there will be presented characteristic of existing conditions for forest management unit on Jaworzyna after ski trails construction and directions of actions for solution of conflict situations. ...
Primula farinosa position is the only area in Poland where this plant occurs native. This area has status of Nature 2000. The work contains chosen physical properties of soil in the area of Primula appearing, and also at surrounding area. On this base possibilities, conditions and a scope of performing engineering works and works associated with acquiring wood in the precinct were determined for the station. Presence of clayey soils was identified, with pour ability of the filtration (from 2.95 ÷ 5.60 m•per twenty-four hours). Soil inside the station is marked by a quite large content of organic parts (to c 30%). Outside the station contents of organic parts isn't large (to c 10%). To preserve stability of the hydrological conditions of the station it is crucial to remain the continuity of soil cover layer at this area and at area situated above. Therefore in this area a prudent forest management is proposed, skidding of wood using additional resources minimizing damages of the soil cover layer, reclamation of tracks after skidding of wood, discontinuing engineering work associated with excavations, and proper surface draining of already existing roads. ...
The paper indicates that the total mass of vehicles with timber obtained from the State Forests National Forest Holding shall satisfy the requirements for both forest roads and public were not loaded above standards. In connection with the reconstruction of public roads and actually led the optimization of forest road network cooperation is required between managers of these roads, the planning of common work and the development of road transport logistics of local transport areas. Field studies have shown that the load capacity of local and forestry roads can be raised by using appropriate design solutions and modern road materials (eg. geogrid and woven geotextiles). ...
This paper presents the edge effect of a very low-volume road on the belt of roadside vegetation in the "Puszcza Notecka", Poland - one of the largest compact forest complexes in Europe. The observations were carried out in the vicinity of pine stands in the fresh coniferous forest and fresh mixed coniferous forest sites. Twelve rectangular experimental sites 30 and 50 meters wide at a distance of 0 to 10 meters from the edge surfaces were established. 75 species characteristic for the 13 phytosociological classes and 20 species associated devoided of the diagnostic value were recognized in the roadside area. Native species dominated, where the most numerous species belonged to meadow communities (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) and ruderal (Artemisietea vulgaris). Despite the significant participation of synanthropic plants, there was no invasion of alien species. ...
State Forests make various road investments in cooperation with local self-governments. Jointly modernized roads facilitate local transport for both parties. The prerequisite is proper selection of technologies and project parameters for the modernized roads. The paper aimed to analyze the minimum horizontal curve radii for various elements of roads (on exits, road junctions and vehicle maneuvering areas) depending on the vehicle combinations for timber transport. The scope of works comprised:• analysis of technical conditions for public roads;• analysis of kinematic relationships for vehicle combinations for timber transport;• determining the types of vehicle combinations for timber transport;• empirical determination of the turning abilities of timber haulage vehicle combinations and fire engines.Potential vehicle combinations used for timber transport were determined on the basis of data collected from the customers. Tests of turning abilities of vehicle combinations used for long and short timber transport and for forest fire fighting used by the State Fire Service units were conducted on a maneuvering area, at the curves with radius R = 11.0 m; 13 and 15 m and steering angle α = 90o.A combination of a truck with a trailer or steered cart revealed the best turning parameters. It was demonstrated that the rounding radius R = 11.0 m ...
