The article presents the influence of precipitation sewage discharge on the hydrology and chemism of small streams. Catchment areas of small streams such as the Jamna river, the Mleczna river and Murckowski trench located within Upper- Silesian Industrial Area were chosen to be subjects of the research. It has been proved that precipitation sewage discharge to rivers contributes to dynamic changes of water chemism. They are the consequence of both the sewage quality itself and resuspention processes releasing polluted deposits into water. It is due to the downwash of salt used in winter to remove ice from roads. Erosional processes become more intensive as well leading to the transformation of cross-sections of river beds. In case of the Jamna river repeated increase in the area of the river bed cross-section in comparison with the period before intensive urbanisation of the catchment area took place. In case of a small stream – Murckowski trench (Katowice) the lowering of river bed bottom below the outlet of main precipitation sewage pipe reached 1.5m. ...
Superabsorbents (SAP) are loosely crosslinked hydrophilic polymers can absorb a large amounth of water. In a soil it works as moistre bufor limiting plant water stres. It has been observed mixing SAP with soil decrease its strength parameters. To prevent that phenomena a kind of geocomposite absorbing water was introduced. It is a flat tube made from geotextile, filled with superabsorbent. Application of the geocomposite limits a problem of water avability for plant, which increase slopes erosion resistance. ...
The Lake Dąbie is located in Lower Odra estuary. That water region plays very important role for navigation, because through the Lake Dąbie the main seaway between Schwedt and Pomeranian Gulf is running. The Lake in strongly silted with polyfractional sediments with high clay and silt particles content and also with high organic matter content. That high clay and silt particles content causes that muds from the Lake have semi-cohesive or cohesive properties. Settled muds cause difficulties in seaway exploitation and significant decrease of its capacity. During 34 years the Lake Dąbie capacity decreased about 12,1 mln m3. The estimated mean year increase of sediments volume is equal about 356 000 m3. The authors performed the preliminary estimation of erosion parameters for sediments from Lake Dąbie on the base of theirs physical and rheological properties. ...
Suspended sediment constitutes about 90% of the total river sediment transport. Recognition of river sediment transport, its kind intensity is indispensable in designing, execution, and operation of objects realized for needs of water economy. It is of great importance in water reservoir silting forecast.Intensity of suspended sediment transport may be determined by use of var-ious methods i.e. direct ones - measurement methods and indirect - calculation ones. Among the direct ones the following ones may be distinguished: bathometric, photometric, electro-resistance, ultrasonic and radioisotope method. Indirect methods permit to calculate sediment transport basing upon empiric, semi-empiric and theoretical equations. Description of suspended sediment transport based on empiric investigation is connected with the necessity of introduction of hydraulic parameters describing water flow and parameters characterizing suspended sedi-ment. Introduction of these parameters into description of water and sediment movement requires consideration of their reciprocate dynamic influence. Determi-nation of water flow velocity, distribution in the river bed section, forces, and stresses acting on the bottom characterizing the beginning of movement is also significant. Distribution of suspended sediment concentration, taking into regard its granulometric composition and fall velocity of particular grains, as well as hy-draulic parameters, permit description of transport of the water-sediment mixture and ...
The paper is an attempt to determine the suitability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for geomorphological studies. The research was carried out in the Tatra National Park (green trail from Myślenickie Turnie to Kasprowy Wierch). Morphogenetic processes occur with high intensity in this area and give rise to numerous erosive form. A multirotor equipped with a non-metric visible light camera was used for measurements. The acquired data was used to generate a high resolution orthophotomap and a digital surface model (DSM). As part of the in-field data capture, geomorphological mapping of the research area was carried out as well. On this basis, it was possible to assess the suitability of the generated DSM for the geomorphological research. Moreover, the correlation between the DSM and the terrestrial geomorphological mapping is evaluated. In virtue of obtained data, effects and the intensity of tourist trails erosion were assessed in this part of the Tatra Mountains. The analysis involved the orthophotomap and the DSM (current data) as well as archival data from aerial laser scanning (ALS) conducted in 2012. Interpretation of above-mentioned results allowed to conclude that the data originating from UAV is very helpful in geomorphological studies. It is possible to determine the ...
