The results of the studies from 1991-2001 on the impact of drip irrigation and microjet irrigation on the content of chosen heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) in edible parts of some vegetables (red beet, zucchini, winter squash, snap bean, carrot) and berry-bearing species (chokeberry, black currant, strawberry) are presented in the paper. Field experiments were carried out in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a soil of V-VI valuation class. The clay content was 7 % in the top soil and from 3 to 5 % in the sub-soil. The average organic matter content was 1,19 %. The water re-serve to 1 m depth of soil at field capacity was 88 mm and the available water 68 mm. The examined factor was irrigation. Three variants of irrigation have been examined: I - control (without irrigation), II - drip irrigation, III - micro-sprinkler irrigation at a soil moisture tension of up to - 0,03 MPa. It was found that irrigation significantly decreased the content of heavy metals in the fresh mass of strawberry fruits, but it influenced not significantly on this content in fruits of chokeberry and black currant. The content of examined elements in the fresh mass of zucchini and winter ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on a seedling vigour and a degree of mycorrhiza of one-year old Scot pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) produced on a post-agricultural ground with the use of zoo-melioration. Two-year (2003-2004) field experiments were carried out on an experimental field of Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a loose sandy soil belonging to VI quality class (degraded meadow black earth formed from coarse sandy soil on a shallow loose sandy soil). The first row factor was irrigation used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. The second row factor was fertilization, used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). Irrigation significantly increased the height and the diameter of Scot pine seedligs. There were no significant differences in the characters of the growth between the two irrigation systems. Fertilization of Scot pine seedlings with the compost increased significantly the height of seedlings. Interaction of irrigation with organic fertilization in shaping of Scot pine seedling height and ...
Effects of three different irrigation systems (sprinkler irrigation, micro-jet sprinkling and drip irrigation) on the one-year old verrucose birch production under conditions of zoomelioration, are compared in the paper. Zoomelioration measures consisted in introduction of living edaphon with organic matter of forest soil to the nursery soil. Two-year (2003-2004) field experiments were carried out in forest nursery at Białe Błota, Forest Inspectorate of Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a brown podzolic soil formed from loose sandy soil. Experiment was established as one-factorial trial in randomized block method with four replications. Studied pressure irrigation systems significantly increased the height and diameter of verrucose birch seedlings grown under conditions of zoomelioration. Increased height of verrucose birch seedlings obtained thanks to irrigation ranged from 76 to 100%. Diameter of seedlings was increased by irrigation in the range 67 – 84%. The lowest relative increases of studied biometric features were found under drip irrigation. On the other hand, this irrigation system was characterized by the most economical of water use as compared to micro-jet sprinkling and sprinkler irrigation. Micro-jet sprinkling was the most advantageous in consideration of both the studied growing vigour features of seedlings. This irrigation method simultaneously secured slightly lower seasonal irrigation ...
The study determined the influence of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on growing vigour and degree of mycorrhiza of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings as well as occurrence of soil mites (Acari) after treatment of edafon inoculation. Two-year (2004–2005) field experiments were carried out in forest nursery at Białe Błota, Forest Inspectorate of Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a brown podzolic soil formed from loose sandy soil. The first order factor was irrigation used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. The second order factor was fertilization, used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). The plot area was 4 m2 and contained 4 rows (4m length) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. Total number of plots in each experiment was 24 (3 x 2 x 4). Organic fertilizer was produced on the base of sewage sludge (80%) and highmoor peat (20%). This fertilizer was spread in spring (dose: 100 t · ha-1) and mixed with the topsoil (10 cm deep) before establishing of exact field experiments. Introduction of edaphon consisted in the mixing of topsoil (2 ...
In the years 2005–2007, experiments on the influence of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on the yield of the carrot, parsley and chicory grown on ridges and on flat ground was carried out. Irrigation water and nitrogen solution was supplied via drip lines, which in subsurface irrigation were placed at a depth of 50 mm below the surface of the ridges, along the centreline between two rows of plants. In the case of surface irrigation, the drip lines were placed on the surface of the ridges between two rows of plants. Irrigation started when soil water po-tential was between -30 and -40 kPa. Nitrogen fertilizers (100 kg.ha-1) were ap-plied in two doses. The first dose was applied pre-plant, while the second one was delivered by fertigation. In the control treatment without irrigation, the second dose of nitrogen was applied by broadcasting. Both surface and subsurface ferti-gation used in the cultivation on ridges and on flat ground had a significant ef-fect on the marketable yield of carrot, parsley and chicory roots. In case of car-rot and chicory cultivated on ridges higher yield was obtained with surface drip irrigation and fertigation, however in case of parsley no significant differences in the ...
The field experiment was conducted in the years 2006–2008 at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Division Jadwisin on the light and acid soil. The aim of the research was to compare tubers yield, their structure and some quality elements of tubers (content of nitrates and starch, percentage of de-formations, green tubers, common scab infection) different fertilization doses of solid and liquid nitrogen form (fertigation) applied to the soil. The objects were divided on: irrigated and non irrigated. Drip irrigation method was applied in this experiment. The nitrogen dose in fertigation form was established by using com-puter program DSS (Decision Support System). The nitrogen in fertigation form was applied in following doses: year of 2006 – 57,7 kg•ha-1, year of 2007 – 31,7 kg•ha-1, year of 2008 – 39,7 kg•ha-1. The doses of water (year of 2006 – 110,3 mm, year of 2007 – 20,0 mm, year of 2008 – 68,9 mm) and dates of their application were established by using tensjometer. The control was object without fertiliza-tion of NPK and without irrigation. The significant highest yield of tubers was obtained on the irrigated object where dose of 150 kg•ha-1N was applied. The yield of tubers on irrigated object ...
The influence of drip irrigation and the three ways of seedling production on the yields of watermelon cv. ‘Bingo’ was determined in field experiments carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first factor – drip irrigation, was used in the two following treatments: O – without irrigation (control), K – drip irriga-tion according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second factor was the light used during the seedling production: S – sunny light (greenhouse, control), N – artificial blue light, D – artificial daylight. It was found that the drip irriga-tion significantly increased marketable fruit yield by 27,5 t.ha-1 i.e. by 156%. Yields of plants from seedlings produced under conditions of sunny light in green-house (control) – treatment (S), were significantly higher than those obtained on other variants. Significant interaction was occurred between two investigated fac-tors in the marketable yield-creation. Plants from seedlings produced under con-ditions of the sunny light in greenhouse (control) – treatment (S) and grown under drip irrigation, were characterized by significantly higher yields which amounted - on the ...
On the basis of field experiment carried out in 2008 at Experimental Sta-tion in Jadwisin Polish early potato cultivar Owacja was grown on sandy loam in 2 treatments embraced T0 (control) and T1 with water drip irrigation and nitro-gen (N) fertigation. Irrigation and N fertigation was conducted by Decision Sup-port System. Dry matter of leaves, stems and tubers was measured in the course of growing period at three different dates: 17, 28, 42 days after emergence (DAE). For these dates leaf area was estimated with use of leaf area meter LICOR 3100 and values of leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf area (SLA) were calculated as well. Content of total nitrogen (Kjeldahl method by means of Kjeltec 2200 Foss Tecator ) in potato tubers was measured at 28, 42 DAE and at the death of foliage, 75 DAE. For these terms protein, dry matter yields and har-vest index were also calculated. Precise application of water and mineral nitrogen (T1) ensured very high yielding by early potato variety: almost 30 t•ha-1 at 42 DAE and 50 t•ha-1 at the end of growing period, that is at 75 DAE or 103 days after planting (DAP). Sup-plementary water ...
The experiment was carried out in 2006-2008 years in the nurseries, in the Experimental Station belonging to Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The aim of present study was to determine the influence of drip ir-rigation and agrogel on the growth of Pumiselect® rootstock in the first year of production and on the quality of maiden trees of ‘Redhaven' and ‘Inka' cvs. peach trees. The drip irrigation was used as a T-tape line with drip emitter lo-cated at every 25 cm in line, about water dose 1,38 l per hour. Irrigation was applied on the base of tensiometer indications. The wet agrogel placed inside a belt of fabric (wide 10 cm), was put on the bottom of furrow (at depth 35 cm) , where the plants were planted. Pumiselect® rootstock as the hard-cuttings were planted at spacing 2 x 0,25 m at the depth 35 cm. The budding was done at the beginning of August by ''chip-budding'' method at 5 cm above the soil. During the experiment: the high, diameter and branching of rootstock and maiden trees was measured. The quality of root system of rootstock was determined too. The preliminary results shown the positive influence of ...
The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station belonging to Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. In the autumn of 2008 the distribution of root system for nine-year-old apple trees cv. ‘Jonagored’ on M9 rootstock was evaluated. The tress were planted at spacing 3,5 x 0,5 m (5714 trees/ha) in two different ways: traditionally – into hole, and in the ridges. Plant-ing in ridges consists in setting trees on the top of the ground, fastening the trees to the rows of wire and hilling the soil up around their root system. The trees were irrigated by drip irrigation system. Irrigation was applied on the base of tensiometer indications. On purpose to determine the distribution of the roots the method of soil profile was used (Böhm, 1985). The method of soil profile was modified by taking digital photos of soil with roots, instead putting the roots by hand on transparent foil. The studies were prosecuted on three selected trees in each treatment, in vertical soil profile at 1m wide and 1,2 m deep. Planting in ridge combined with irrigation affected more intensive produc-ing of fine roots (ø < 1 mm), in comparison with control trees, planted ...
The field experiments were carried out in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz during the 2005–2006. The influence of drip irrigation on insects oc-cupying of two cultivars of summer squash ‘Danka’ and ‘Sweet Dumpling’ were investigated. On the base of the received results was proved that on the squash ‘Danka’ phytophagous insects significantly more appeard. From phytophagous insects the largest group was Homoptera, and among them Cicadellidae. The signifi-cantly large number of insects were found on the drip irrigated plants (44 pcs x plot-1), in comparison to non-irrigated (34 pcs x plot-1). The Empoasca pteridis Dahlbom., Eupteryx atropunctata Goeze and Macrosteles laevis Ribaut, were represented in total number of all Cicadellidae in 65, 17 and 7%, respectively. Heteroptera was represented by Lygus rugulipennis Popp., Trigonotylus coeles-tialium Kirk. and beneficial Anthocoridae as well as Nabidae. The ‘Sweet Dumpling’ cultivar was also occupying more often by the Ho-moptera. The most abundant insects were Empoasca pteridis Dahlbom (42%), Eupteryx atropunctata Goeze (32%), Macrosteles laevis Ribaut and Psammotettix alienus Dahlbom (10%) of all Cicadellidae. Beneficial and phytophagous Het-eroptera appeared as less abundant. ...
The paper presents results of a field experiment with maize varietas ‘Cedro’ (FAO230) irrigated on a light soil, carried out in years 2000-2008 in Mochełek (near Bydgoszcz. A combination of 90 and 150 kg of nitrogen per hec-tar was applied. Water was supplied by a drip irrigation system using the NAAN emitters. The layout of drip laterals placed in beetwen plants’ rows provided a moisture to the soil in a root zone. In the years of the study an average dose of water of 112 mm was used for irrigation (28 mm in June, 49 mm in July, 28 mm in August and 7 mm in September), but in separate seasons the dose varried from 25 mm (year 2007) to 215 mm (year 2008). Irrigation have increased the yield of corn from 5,62 t.ha-1 to 8,53 t.ha-1, which is 2,91 t.ha-1(52%). The increase of the yield of corn in separate years varied from 0,46 t.ha-1 (year 2000) and 0,60 t.ha-1 (in a cold year 2004) to 8,47 t.ha-1(in year 2006 when the art temperature in July was very high) and 6,26 t.ha-1(in year 2008 when was a rainfall shortage in months V-VII). The results of ...
Field experiment was done in Agriculture Experiment Station Lipki near Szczecin. As objects of studies were 1, 8, 9 and 10 years old blueberry plants cul-tivated on the acid brown soil belong to good rye complex. Before planting be-tween the rows of plants 10 cm layer of sawdust obtained from coniferous trees was spread and mixed with the soil. Growth and yielding of two varieties ‘Spartan’ and ‘Patriot’ irrigated and not irrigated. Plants were irrigated using dropping lines with emitters collocated every 30 cm with total efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1. Tensiometers show the need of irri-gation. Field and plants were irrigated when soil suction power was bigger than 0,01 MPa. Every year blueberry plants were fertilized with 60 kg N.ha-1 and doses of P and K depended on their concentration in soil. Total doses of water used for irrigation depended on yearly precipitation equal in 2005y. – 128 mm, 2006y. – 300 mm, 2007y. – 400 mm and in 2008y. – 200mm. Blueberry cv. ‘Spartan’ was more productive (9,62 t.ha-1) than ‘Patriot’ (8,3 t.ha-1). As effect of supplemental irrigation average crop of ‘Patriot’ variety increased by 8,36 t.ha-1 and ‘Spartan’ by 7,94 t.ha-1. Weight of 1000 fruits ...
Field experiments was carried in ES Lipnik belonging to Western Pomera-nia University of Technology in Szczecin. Blueberry cv. ‘Patriot’ was cultivated in th years of 2000-2008 on the acid brown soil which is belong to IVb soil class. The soil was characterized by small amount of nutrient availability of phospho-rus and potassium and low acid reaction. Blueberry was cultivated in different water conditions: O-control (without supplemental irrigation), W- irrigated ob-jects. Plants were irrigated using dropping line with efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1 keeping soil moisture on the level of 0,01 MPa, registered by tensiometers. Also in these studies productivity of two and ten years old blueberry plants treated or not with supplemental irrigation were evaluated. Average crop of berries harvested in this experiment equal 7,61 t.ha-1 (tab.3). Yield from not irrigated plots equal only 4,92 t.ha-1. It appeared that sup-plemental irrigation gave proper soil moisture for blueberries and the good yield and the amount of used water particularly in June and July depended on natural precipitation. As effect of supplemental irrigation the average crop of berries equal 5,38 t.ha-1 and was 109,2% bigger comparing to control (without supple-mental irrigation). Productive effect of drip irrigation was in full correlation with amount ...
The influence of drip irrigation and two nitrogen fertilization doses on the height and quality of grain yield of maize cultivars Cedro and Smok was deter-mined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2006-2008 on very light soil at Kruszyn Krajenski, near Bydgoszcz. Results of the experiment have proved that drip irrigation was the basic yield creating factor without which maize cultiva-tion would have been failed while only dependent on the rainfall in June and July. Low yielding of non-irrigated plants caused a high productive effects of the treatment. The average increment of irrigated corn yield was 4,77 t.ha-1(221%) and the efficiency of 1 mm of irrigated water had a mean of 34,9 kg.ha-1. Double dose of nitrogen fertilization used on irrigated plots caused an increase of grain yield of corn (in average of 11%), an increase of the DM grain of corn and pro-tein in grain and decreased the grain moisture content during harvesting. The re-sults of the study and of some previous works have shown, that drip irrigation used instead of sprinkler irrigation cause an increase of individual productive ef-fects and contribute to more efficient water use. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation on yields of summer squash cv. ‘Danka' grown under conditions of the two localities: Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński (soil of quality class IVB, and of good-rye-soil-complex) and Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz (soil of quality class V, and of weak-rye-soil-complex). The experiments were designer as one-factorial trias. One factor was considered - drip irrigation (control, drip irrigation). Drip irrigation was conducted according to soil tensiometer indications (-0,04 MPa). Drip irrigation - both in Lipnik as well as in Kruszyn Krajeński - significantly increased marketable yields of summer squash ‘Danka'. Higher increases in yields due to irrigation were obtained in Kruszyn Krajeński. Mean marketable yield of summer squash fruits in Lipnik was higher than that obtained in Kruszyn Krajeński. Fruits in Lipnik were characterized by the higher weight as compared to those in Kruszyn Krajeński. Summer squash plants in KruszynKrajeński - irrespective of expe-rimental water treatment - were characterized by the higher number of fruits.
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The effect of drip fertigation and the two ways of seedling production on the yields of cv. ‘Bingo' was determined in the field experiment carried out in the year 2008 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor - drip fertigation, was used in the two following treatments: KP - drip irrigation + standard N-fertilization (control),KF - drip irrigation + N-fertigation 3 times during the vegetation season. Fertiga-tion was conducted with the use of proportional mixing dispenser. The second row factor was the light used during the seedling production: S - sunny light (greenhouse, control), F - artificial light - fitotron (lamps). It was found that the fertigation significantly increased marketable fruit yield from 40,1 to 51,0 t.ha-1 (by 10,9 t.ha-1 i.e. by 27 %). Yields of plants from seedlings produced under conditions of sunny light in greenhouse (control) - treatment (S)(48,1 t .ha-1), were signifi-cantly higher than those obtained from seedlings produced in fitotron under artifi-cial light (43,0 t .ha-1). The highest yields (56,0 t .ha-1) were obtained from plants from seedlings produced in greenhouse grown ...
The response of the three romaine lettuce cultivars to nitrogen fertigation by drip system was investigated in the field experiment carried out in 2009-2010 on the very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The trial was established as one-factorial trial with four replications. The studied factor was cultivar: ‘Barracuda', ‘Chiquina' i ‘Romora'. Fertigation was conducted with the use of proportional mixing dispenser. The use of drip irrigation connected with nitrogen fertigation enabled the proper growth and development as well as valuable yielding of plants on the very light soil, in the region of low rainfall amounts during the vegetation period. From among the three cultivars tested, ‘Barracuda' was cha-racterized by the highest: yield, head weight and dry matter content. The influence of drip irrigation
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The experiment was conducted in Research Station belonging to department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The growth and the yielding of ‘Jonagored' cv. apple trees was estimated. The trees were planted two methods: traditional and in ridges. Planting in ridges consists in setting trees on the top of the ground, fastening them to the wire stretched along the row and hilling their root with the soil from the space between rows. The trees were trained in three systems of soil cultivation: herbicide fallow, mulching with sawdust and agro textile. Additionally a part of the trees in herbicide fallow was irrigation by using drip irrigation. The research was conducted in years 2005-2008 in the orchard in full period of fruiting. The trees of ‘Jonagored' on M9 rootstock were planted in 3,5 x 0,5 m (5714 trees · ha-1) spacing in spring 2000. The estimation included: vegetative growth on the basis of number and sum of length of one-year-old shoots longer than 20 cm. The influence of these factors on the weight and number of deleted shoots during annual pruning was determined. The results showed that irrigation stimulates the growth of trees planted in high density on ...
Field experiment was done in Agriculture Experiment Station Lipki near Szczecin. As objects of studies were 8, 9,10 and 11 years old blueberry plants cul-tivated on the acid brown soil belong to good rye complex. Before planting between the rows of plants 10 cm layer of sawdust obtained from coniferous trees was spread and mixed with the soil. Evaluated growth and yielding of two varieties ‘Spartan' and ‘Patriot' irrigated and not irrigated. Plants were irrigated using dropping lines with emitters collocated every 30 cm with total efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1. Tensiometers show the need of irrigation. Field and plants were irrigated when soil suction power was bigger than -0,01 MPa. Every year blueberry plants were fertilized with 60 kg N.ha-1 and doses of P and K depended on their concen-tration in soil. Total doses of water used for irrigation depended on yearly pre-cipitation equal in 2006y.-300 mm, 2007y.- 40 mm and in 2008y. - 200 mm, 2009y.-127,5 mm Blueberry cv. ‘Spartan' was more productive (10,84 t.ha-1) than ‘Patriot' (9,68 t.ha-1). As effect of supplemental irrigation average crop of ‘Patriot' variety increased by 8,65 t.ha-1 and ‘Spartan' by 8,54 t.ha-1. Weight of 1000 fruits depended on variety, year of cultivation and ...
The field experiments were carried out in two consecutive years (2005-2006) at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The aim of the study was the influence of different systems of irrigation in asparagus hybrids cultivation on the very light soil on the occurrence of asparagus beetles. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design of a two-factorial system with four replications. The first tested factor was irrigation in three following variants: O - non-irrigated plots (control), K - drip-irrigated plots and M - micro-irrigated plots. The second factor was associated with two asparagus hybrids (called by producer): Ap, Gr and one cultivar ‘Schwetzinger Meisterschuss'. The number of adults and larvae of both asparagus beetles was observed on every single plot area; three times during the vegetation period from July to August (beginning from the first decade of July and continuing every third week). The harvest plot area was 14.5 m2 (23 plants x 35 cm x 180 cm). Generally, the adults and larvae of twelve-spotted asparagus beetles were more numerous than common asparagus beetles on aspa-ragus hybrids plants: Ap, Gr and ‘Schwetzinger Meisterschuss'. Microirrigation applied on asparagus hybrids wasn't related with these two asparagus beetles did not susceptible to. Much the ...
The paper is based on the chosen results of two one-year field experiments which were conducted in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz (Poland) and in the vicinity of Cukurova (Turkey). The aim of the study is to present the comparison of yields of chosen watermelon cultivars grown in the different climatic-soil conditions under drip irrigation with N fertigation. The experiment in Turkey was carried out under better soil conditions than in Poland - watermelon plants were cultivated on the clay loam and fine sand, respectively. ‘Crimson Sweet' and ‘Sugar Baby' cultivars were tested in the experiment in Poland, and two other cultivars (‘Madera-F1', ‘Paladin-F1') were examined in the experiment in Turkey. Nitrogen of 120 kg N was applied in two different nitrogen forms (G - granule nitrogen; L - liquid nitrogen). In the second treatment (L), the liquid N fertilizer was given with irrigation water (fertigation). All plots were drip irrigated. Higher irrigation water rate was supplied in Turkey (251.7 mm) than that in Poland (157.5 mm). Average yields of watermelon ranged from 32.62 to 37.87 t.ha-1, and from 29.09 to 30.35 t.ha-1, in the experiment in Poland and in the experiment in Turkey, respec-tively. Yields were dependent on cultivar and ...
At field experiment carried out in the years 2009-2010 at the very light soil in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz, the influence of drip irrigation on the chosen features of height of cup plant was studied. The cup plants were cultivated from the micropropagation seedlings. The experiment was done as a one factorial in 4 replications. The main factor of the experiment was irrigation done with following variants: O- without irrigation (control plots), K- with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation scheduling was done according to tensiometers indications. Experimental material were cup plants seedlings from micropropagation. Irrigation significantly influenced on the height increase of the leaves fresh mass and the number of the leaves. Irrigation also increased the transpiration leaf area and the dry matter content. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and ni-trogen fertilization on yields of ‘Kutnowska' onion grown on the very light soil in the region characterized by rainfall deficits during the vegetation period. Field experiments were carried out in 2003-2004 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a soil belonging to the VI class (degraded black earth belonging to the very poor and poor rye complex). Field water capacity in the layer 0-50 cm amounted 57,5 mm, and the effective useful retention was 29,3 mm. Field trial was established and conducted in three replications as two-factorial experiment in split-plot design. Irrigation was the first order factor used in the two variants: without irrigation (control) and drip irrigation at - 30 kPa. The second order factor was nitrogen fertilization: N0 - 0 kg N ha-1(control), N1 -70 kg N ha-1, N2 - 140 kg N ha-1, N3 - 210 kg N ha-1. Drip irrigation was the basic yield-creating factor, securing the cultivation of onion on the loose sandy soil. Marketable yield obtained from ir-rigated plots - average for years and nitrogen doses - amounted 33,2 t•ha-1. Un-der conditions of optimum moisture secured by irrigation, the ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of drip irrigation on yields of winter squash cv.‘Rouge vif d'Etampes' grown on the very light soil in the region of decreased rainfall amounts in the vegetation period. The field experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil of quality class V-VI (very weak and weak-rye-soil-complexes). Field water capacity in the soil layer 0-50 cm was 57,5 mm, while the effective useful retention amounted 29,3 mm. The experiment was designed and carried out as one-factorial trial in four replications. The single plot area was 11,2 m2. Irrigation was used in the two variants: W0 - without irrigation (control) and W1 -drip irrigation. Drip ir-rigation was conducted according to soil tensiometer indications (-0,04 MPa). Drip irrigation significantly increased marketable yields of winter squash ‘Rouge vif d'Etampes' from 34,2 t.ha-1 to 75 t.ha-1 (increase by 40,8 t ha-1, i.e. 119 %). This yield increase was obtained thanks to significant increases the weight of a fruit and its size (horizontal and vertical diameter) as well as the num-ber of fruits. ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation of highbush blueberry using different types of irrigation schemes. The experiment was conducted in 2009 - 2012 on 5 cultivars: ‘Bluecrop', ‘Chandler', 'Duke', ‘Nelson', ‘Spartan'. The irrigation treatments were as follows: (i) control (without irrigation), (ii) one drip line per row of plants (100%, reference water amount determined according to tensiometer readings), (iii) two drip lines per row of plants (125% of reference water amount), (iv) drip irrigation - two drip lines per row of plants (200% of reference water amount). In 2009 and 2010 the highest total length of one-year-old shoots was observed in the plants from control combination. In 2011 the number and total length of shoots in the all irrigation treatments was higher compared to the non-irrigated one. This was confirmed in 2012. The highest plant vigor was observed in case of ‘Bluecrop' and ‘Nelson' cultivars, whereas the lowest for ‘Chandler'. Yielding of blueberry was very varied. Only in 2012 the total yield obtained from irrigated plants was higher compared to the control ones. Among the cultivar tested, the highest yield was recorded for ‘Chandler', while the lowest one for ‘Spartan'. Fruits of ‘Chandler' cultivar ...
In 2007-2009, at the Experimental Agricultural Station in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński, a field experiment was performed on acid brown soil of the good wheat complex. This soil in the topsoil contained 8.2 g kg-1 of organic C, had a slightly acid reaction and a low contents of available forms of P (30.1 mg kg-1) and K (45 mg kg -1). During the growing season the ground water level re-mained below 3.0 m.The aim of the studies was to compare the yield potentials of corn and two hybrids of sweet sorghum cultivated in conditions of various humidity of the light soil. On the plots with and without drop irrigation, sweet sorghum (the Sucrosorgo-506 and Rona-1 varieties) and corn (the variety Oldham FAO-250), of which the latter was the species compared. The times and doses of irrigation were determined based on indications of soil tensiometers. To the irrigation a dropping line of a capacity of 2.4 l h-1 of water and emitters spaced 30 cm apart was used. The combined doses of water depended on the timing and amount of rain-falls and were: in 2007 - 40 mm, in 2008 - 150 mm, in 2009 - 110 mm. The plant density ...
The field experiment was conducted in the years 2010-2012 at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Division Jadwisin on the light and acid soil. The aim of the research was to compare effect on tubers yield, their structure and some quality elements of tubers (content of nitrates, starch, vitamin C, dry matter and percentage of deformations, green tubers, common scab infection) different variants of lines drip irrigation between rows potato plants localization and conduct of irrigation with nitrogen fertigation. The drip irrigation was conducted of subsurface and drip lines situated on rows of plants (object of B), on surface and drip lines situated in each row space (object of C), every second row space and double irrigated dose of water (object of D). Mineral nitrogen on irrigated objects by broadcasting before of planting of 50 kg.ha-1 and by fertigation of 50 kg.ha-1 (5 treatments to 10 kg.ha-1) was applied to the soil. The control was object (A) without irrigated with nitrogen application in dose of 100 kg.ha-1 by broadcasting before planting. The doses of water and dates of their application were established by using tensjometer. When the lines situated by subsurface on rows and drip irrigation with nitrogen fertigation applied increasing ...
Field experiments were conducted in 2011 on the very light soil in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. Responses of the three romaine lettuce cultivars grown in spring and autumn to nitrogen fertigation by drip system were compared. Experiments were established as two-factorial trials, four times replicated. The experimental factors were: nitrogen dose of fertigation (25 kg N•ha-1, 50 kg N•ha-1), cultivars (‘Barracuda', ‘Chiquina', ‘Romora'). Fertigation was conducted with the usage of proportional mixing dispenser. Higher marketable yield of romaine lettuce cultivars was noted in spring cultivation. Increased nitrogen dose (from 25 kg N•ha-1 to 50 kg N•ha-1) significantly increased marketable yield of lettuce. From among the tested cultivars, ‘Romora' was characterized by the higher yield in spring cultivation whereas ‘Barracuda' - in autumn. ‘Chiquina' was characterized by the lowest yield. The higher weight of a single lettuce head was noted in spring cultivation. The higher nitrogen dose significantly increased the single lettuce head. The highest single lettuce head was noted in case of ‘Barracuda'. On average for cultivars tested, the higher nitrogen dose caused the decrease of dry matter content in leaves of lettuce grown in spring time, and in case of autumn cultivation this tendency was opposite - the higher ...
In the climatic conditions of Poland the temporary lack of rainfall during the vegetation season, influenced on the water deficits in the top soil level. This situation can effect on the height and quality of yields in particular years. There is estimated that in the - so called - Large Valleys Region the water deficiency ranged 200-300 mm. Production of cucurbit's vegetables in open field is strictly connected with thermal-rainfall conditions during the vegetation season. The optimal soil moisture is the very important factor for high and good quality yield. So, the production of the cucurbit plants should be connected with the irrigation installations. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of drip irrigation in cultivation of summer squash ‘Danka' under light soil conditions. The trials were conducted in the years 2004 - 2006 at the experimental field in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz - on a soil of rye weak complex. The plot area for harvest was 9,1 m2. The irrigation rates were done on the base of soil water potential according to tensiometer indications. The irrigation was started when the soil water tension was - 0,04 MPa. The fruits of the summer ...
The aim of the the research was to confirm the need for irrigation as the main yielding treatment in corn production on a very light soil with permeable subsoil in the area of distinct water deficits, and determining the effectiveness of nitrogen fertigation, compared with broadcast application method. Accurate field experiment was carried out in 2008-2010 on the experimental field of the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology of the University of Science and Technology in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. During the study period occurred large irrigation needs in corn production, due to insufficient and uneven distribution of rainfall in the particular growing seasons. Seasonal irrigation dose averaged 194 mm.Obtained results showed that the cultivation of corn for grain in the area of distinct water deficits is purposeful only under the irrigation conditions. For non-irrigated variants the yield of dry matter of grain was only 0.87t.ha-1 and did not exceed in any year of the research the level of 1.0 t.ha-1. Under irrigation corn yielded on average 6.55 t of grain dry matter from 1 ha. A worth recommending irrigation system in corn production for grain is dripping system, in which effect of production per unit was higher than effects ...
Vegetables generally have large water demands and high sensitivity to water deficiency, especially in a growth stages crucial for the yielding. In deficiency of the precipitation, irrigation in appropriate: term and amount, as well as with suitable method significantly improves the quantity and quality of the crop and reduces the development of physiological diseases. Popular in the world, albeit low economical methods are: flood and furrow irrigation; in Poland generally sprinkle irrigation is applied. More and more often in field conditions, drip irrigation is introduced - efficient, water and energy saving method, allowing for precision irrigation and fertilization. Increasingly limited access to the water sources, soil erosion and contamination of groundwater tend to conduct researches into more economic and efficient, simultaneously environmental-friendly methods of irrigation. In the paper the results of the latest worldwide research on irrigation of tomato and cucumber in the field conditions were presented. The most important issues related to the water requirements of these popular vegetables were depicted, compares the effects of different irrigation methods and solutions aimed at increasing of the efficiency of irrigation were presented. ...
A field experiment carried out in two vegetation seasons in the years 2010 and 2011 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Investigation of the influence of drip irrigation on some growth parameters of 2-year-old cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) were done. The cup plants were cultivated from the micropropagation seedlings. The experiment was performed as one factorial in 4 replications. The main factor of the experiment was irrigation performed with following variants: O- without irrigation (control plots), D- with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation was scheduled according to tensiometers indications. Irrigation significantly increase the height of the plants, the length and number of internode, the thickness of the stalk,. Irrigation also increased the fresh weight of the shoots, and the number of the leaves. ...
To evaluate the economic efficiency of irrigation in corn cultivated for grain, production effects were used, which were obtained from studies conducted by researcher team from the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology at the Experiment Station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz in 2005-2016. The research covered the effect of irrigation on yielding of the crop. Economic efficiency calculations were made using the direct surplus increase calculation method. In each variant irrigation enhanced production effects. It was not always economically justified, however. The irrigation costs (for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems) per hectare were decreasing with an increase in acreage. Applying drip irrigation was economically unjustified in moist years and on average in the multi-year period. In the years with dry and average precipitation conditions the direct surplus was positive, except for irrigation of 1 ha. As for the sprinkler-irrigation system, a lack of economic efficiency was reported in moist years, whereas in dry and average years as well as on average in the multi-year period, except for 1 hectare acreage, corn sprinkler-irrigation was economically justified. ...
The paperwork includes estimate of irrigation on yield effect of highbush blueberry. The research was conducted in 2014-2016, on a small plantation located in Przyczyna Górna, in the Wschowski county, in the Lubuskie Province. The plantation's area was 800 m2. The article presents an analysis of five varieties of highbush blueberry: Patriot, Duke, Chandler, Elliott and Bluecrop. The frequency of irrigation and the amount of water supplied to the shrubs depended mainly on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation and the optimal humidity that the soil needs in growing blueberries. The need for irrigation was determined on the basis of soil water suction measurements using tensiometers. The shrubs were irrigated with a drip line with a spacing adjusted to the spacing of blueberry bushes.The annual dose of water used for irrigation were from 144 mm to 303 mm. The research showed that the average crop increase amounted to 167%, because of irrigation. In 2015, which was a wet year, the increase was 140% and in the average year (2014) was 193%. It was not connected only with amount of precipitation, but with the distribution of precipitation at growing season. The best yield was noted for Chandler (32% of yield), Patriot and ...
