The influence of drip irrigation and two nitrogen fertilization doses on the height and quality of grain yield of maize cultivars Cedro and Smok was deter-mined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2006-2008 on very light soil at Kruszyn Krajenski, near Bydgoszcz. Results of the experiment have proved that drip irrigation was the basic yield creating factor without which maize cultiva-tion would have been failed while only dependent on the rainfall in June and July. Low yielding of non-irrigated plants caused a high productive effects of the treatment. The average increment of irrigated corn yield was 4,77 t.ha-1(221%) and the efficiency of 1 mm of irrigated water had a mean of 34,9 kg.ha-1. Double dose of nitrogen fertilization used on irrigated plots caused an increase of grain yield of corn (in average of 11%), an increase of the DM grain of corn and pro-tein in grain and decreased the grain moisture content during harvesting. The re-sults of the study and of some previous works have shown, that drip irrigation used instead of sprinkler irrigation cause an increase of individual productive ef-fects and contribute to more efficient water use. ...
In environments with a high salinity are halophytes, which are exposed not only to the stress of salinity but also the stress associated with a deficiency of oxygen The gradual build-up of the problem in areas used for agriculture, affects the orientation of research, aiming at the selection of crops with high tolerance to saline soils, including irrigated.The aim, carried out in 2008-2009 experience, was the choice of plant species for phytoremediation of soils irrigated and fertilized for many years.The conducted experiments show that, of the growth and development of plants, to assess their suitability reclamation of saline soils, most of the nitrogen is indicated and greening index, to a lesser extent the height of the plants.There was an interaction between fertilization and the formation of species of fresh and dry weight of plants.This was mostly fresh and dry weight of aboveground and in the case of roots, only their fresh weight.Given the increase in salinity of the ground and most studied plants showed resistance to salinity white mustard, corn and least resistant species was yellow lupine. This is evidenced by lower salinity, the concentration of calcium, potassium and phosphorus in the soil subjected to many years of irrigation and ...
In 2007-2009, at the Experimental Agricultural Station in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński, a field experiment was performed on acid brown soil of the good wheat complex. This soil in the topsoil contained 8.2 g kg-1 of organic C, had a slightly acid reaction and a low contents of available forms of P (30.1 mg kg-1) and K (45 mg kg -1). During the growing season the ground water level re-mained below 3.0 m.The aim of the studies was to compare the yield potentials of corn and two hybrids of sweet sorghum cultivated in conditions of various humidity of the light soil. On the plots with and without drop irrigation, sweet sorghum (the Sucrosorgo-506 and Rona-1 varieties) and corn (the variety Oldham FAO-250), of which the latter was the species compared. The times and doses of irrigation were determined based on indications of soil tensiometers. To the irrigation a dropping line of a capacity of 2.4 l h-1 of water and emitters spaced 30 cm apart was used. The combined doses of water depended on the timing and amount of rain-falls and were: in 2007 - 40 mm, in 2008 - 150 mm, in 2009 - 110 mm. The plant density ...
The study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of droughts in the period of increased water needs of corn cultivated for grain in the region of Kujawsko-Pomorskie based on temporal variation of the standardized precipitation index SPI. Also were assessed the needs and expected productive effects of the plants grown under irrigation by a significant correlation between increases of yields of grain and the amount of rainfall. Rainfall data were derived from standard measurements of atmospheric precipitation during a period from 1 July and 31 August in the multi-annual period 1981-2010. These data were obtained from the branches of the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) in Chrząstowo, Głębokie and Głodowo, and the University of Technology and Life Sciences Research Centre in Mochełek. The results of carried research showed that the frequency of occurrence of dry spell during the period of increased needs for water of corn amounted to 26.7-40.0% in the region depended on the locality. Strong droughts occurred in the year 1983, 1989, 1992 and 1994, moderate drought in 2005 and weak droughts in 1982, 1984 and 1999. Great irrigation needs of corn which corresponded to periods of strong and moderate droughts (SPI ...
The aim of the the research was to confirm the need for irrigation as the main yielding treatment in corn production on a very light soil with permeable subsoil in the area of distinct water deficits, and determining the effectiveness of nitrogen fertigation, compared with broadcast application method. Accurate field experiment was carried out in 2008-2010 on the experimental field of the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology of the University of Science and Technology in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. During the study period occurred large irrigation needs in corn production, due to insufficient and uneven distribution of rainfall in the particular growing seasons. Seasonal irrigation dose averaged 194 mm.Obtained results showed that the cultivation of corn for grain in the area of distinct water deficits is purposeful only under the irrigation conditions. For non-irrigated variants the yield of dry matter of grain was only 0.87t.ha-1 and did not exceed in any year of the research the level of 1.0 t.ha-1. Under irrigation corn yielded on average 6.55 t of grain dry matter from 1 ha. A worth recommending irrigation system in corn production for grain is dripping system, in which effect of production per unit was higher than effects ...
For the assessment of the economic efficiency of irrigation in selected crops presented in this paper, we used results obtained from field experiments conducted in 2006-2012 at the Research Station of the University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz by employees of the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology. These studies were focused on the effects of irrigation on the yield of potatoes, malting barley and corn grown for grain. To calculate the economic efficiency we used the method of calculation the increase in direct surplus. The results indicate that irrigation was economically justified not in the all cases. For potatoes the direct surplus was increasing along with the increasing of the irrigated area, the losses were noticed only in the case of 1-hectare variant. In contrast, there was no economic justification for the use of irrigation in the production of malting barley, regardless of the irrigated area. Same results of economic effects, as in the case of barley, were obtained using drip irrigation in corn grown for grain. The presented calculation shows that the cost irrigation per 1 ha decreases as the irrigated area increases. ...
The objective of the work, carried out as part of research programme on current change of the regional climate, was to confirm the hypothesis about the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts occurring during the high water needs of corn, during the period of June and July, in the region of Pomorze and Kujawy in the years 1981-2010. Furthermore, the aim was to confirm a significant relationship between indicators characterizing meteorological and agricultural droughts. Material for the research was data from five meteorological measuring points located in the region. Statistical methods used in climatological studies were applied, particularly the method of trends. The average multi-annual totals (1981-2010) of rainfall in the period of high water needs of corn (June-July) in the region of the Pomorze and Kujawy were characterized by spatial variability amounts to 22.6%. The frequency of meteorological drought in June through July is 26.7-33.3%. In the analyzed period there were no significant changes in the frequency and intensity of these droughts with the passage of years. Rainfall shortages in corn production extend to maximum of -91 to -124 mm, depended on the locality. The shortages did not show any significant changes in the years of the study. ...
