As natural river-courses, according to the Act on Water Law (Dz.U. 2005.239.2019 (U)), are recognized: rivers, streams, brooks or other waters, flowing continually or periodically, in their natural river-beds. Urbanized water–courses, in turn, constitute streams and brooks, of draining character, within city areas (Osmulska- Mróz, 1990). Their average daily rate of flow is not higher than 1,5 m3/s, and maximum ratio of breadth to depth equals 20:1. The urbanized water courses, often with developed small retention, as a consequence of urbanization, either disappear or become sewers (open or partly covered), transporting pollutions to the greater rivers 169 or water regions. Within their catchments, particularly, takes place the accumulation of heavy metals in bottom sediments. The latter process combined with eutrophisation and increased salinity, causes degradation of ecological potential and extinction of sensitive species of water plants. The Prądnik–Białucha River is an example of such water-courses. In order to assess the quality of water, its pH, EC, Eh and heavy metal contents in water, water suspension matter and bottom sediments, have been determined. The concentration of anions: chloride, sulfate, nitrate and phosphate have also been analyzed. The results obtained were referred to the standards obligatory in Poland and in EU. The ...
The storage reservoir “Besko” on the River Wisłok consists of two part: the main part, on the River Wisłok (volume of about 11 mln m3), and the other one, the side part, on the River Czernisławka – contributory of the River Wisłok (volume of about 3 mln m3). The research covered this side part of the reservoir. Physical properties of the bottom sediments were determined among others the granulometric composition according to Prószyński by use of two method: with addition of a deffloculant Na2CO3 and without, showing significant differences. Chemical properties were also determined among others the pH reaction, percentage content of organic particles and also presence of heavy metals – cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc – and depending on it sediments were qualified for agriculture use. According to preliminary results the bottom sediments belong to first degree or not higher than second of chemical pollution what qualifies them for agriculture use and improvement of agricultural grounds. According to the accepted Polish standards either all agricultural crops (at zero pollution) or at the second degree of pollution with heavy metals, fodder crops, root crops can be cultivated or this grounds can be used as pastures. Increments of sediments in ...
In the ecological system of the Mściwojów Reservoir the occurrence of heavy metals was ascertained. The concentration of chosen elements: in bottom sediments of the reservoir (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Fe) and in the reed (Phragmites australis) from settlement ponds and the pre-dam reservoir (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) has been determined. Origin of these metals can be both geogenic and anthropogenic. In the paper the possibility of the element genesis has been presented. Accordingly, there has been analyzed the geological formation of the reservoir catchment and collected the information on agricultural and communal pollutions.. Anthropogenic hazard for the water environment on this area originates mostly from the agricultural space, as a consequence of applying the intensive agriculture, the mineral manures and the plant protection measures and the irrational leadership water-of sewer management. ...
The study presents the results of tests on the bottom sediments of the Do-bromierz Reservoir. The reservoir was put into operation in 1986; it is used as flood reservoir and drinkable water reservoir. It is located in the northern part of the catchment of Strzegomka river.In the bottom sediment samples the following substances were determined: nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen, organic nitrogen, phosphates, and phos-phorus. The authors also conducted microbiological analyses of the collected se-diments. Cultures of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were started. The sediments were analyzed with use of electron microscope. A series of photographs documenting the composition of the sediments were taken. The test results enable us to claim that the grain size distribution of the se-diments is equivalent to that of silty loam and silty clay loam. The mineralogical composition is dominated by silicates and aluminosilicates - bottom sediments of the Dobromierz reservoir can be classified to the silicate category. The process of denitrification takes place in the sediments. Significantly higher content of phos-phates was found in the bottom sediment than in the benthic waters. The difference in the content in benthic waters and in the sediments causes internal phosphorus loading. During the analyzed period, this process did ...
