Council Directive EU 1999/31/ES “about landfills“ orders to member sates to decrease the volume of disposaled bio-degradabled wastes (BDW). Part of these wastes will be composted, part of them will be used by an anaerobic treatment in a biogas station. Due to capital intensity of project and building of biogas station it is necessary to consider a lot of elements, such as economic conditions and possibilities of investment grant obtaining, quality, availability and quantity of input raw material, technology and especially functional tenability contingeted by product sale. Biogas stations are modular machinery. There exist lots of technology equipment for various projects from transport of input raw material logistic through type, number and capacity of fermenters, system of operations control to output product utilization. The biogas station does not stink with correct project, realization and operation and it offers stable output and production of biogas and rest after digestion that is after aerobic stabilizing applicable as a fertilizer. ...
Cemetery waste is specific due to its material composition and due to its small quantity (approximately 1,100 tonnes from the 11 cemeteries in Brno in 2009). It is necessary to know the waste material composition to find the best way of its treatment and utilization. Therefore an advanced analysis of cemetery waste material composition has been carried out.Samples were analyzed in 2009 and 2010. In 2009 samples were analyzed due its biodegradation and in 2010the analyze was advanced to assessment of combustible and incombustible fractions.The amount of non-biodegradable fraction of cemetery waste is about 23 %weight that is too much for waste composting. The amount of combustible part of non-biodegradable fraction is about 73 %weight. The combustible part of non-biodegradable fraction consist of plastic and paraffin parts, the incombustible part of non-biodegradable fraction consist of glass and metal parts. Unsorted cemetery waste (including biodegradable fraction that is combustible) consist of 94 %weight combustible parts.
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An analysis of sorted biodegradable municipal waste composition was car-ried out. By repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 200 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 2098 kg) it was found that the undesirable impurities rate of sorted waste varies from 1 to 9% of weight (from 1 to 11.5% of volume). It is operationally difficult to separate biodegradable matter from non-biodegradable materials. If the quality of waste sorting does not increase, there will be possible just landfilling of sorted waste. It is consider on Biopas company workers whether it is possible and appropriate the energy utilization of sorted waste.
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An analysis of sorted biodegradable municipal waste composition was car-ried out. By repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 200 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 2098 kg) it was found that the undesirable impurities rate of sorted waste varies from 1 to 9% of weight (from 1 to 11.5% of volume). It is operationally difficult to separate biodegradable matter from non-biodegradable materials. If the quality of waste sorting does not increase, there will be possible just landfilling of sorted waste. It is consider on Biopas company workers whether it is possible and appropriate the energy utilization of sorted waste.
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The article mentions results from changes of physical properties of com-posted material during the composting process. Composting conditions in compost pile were simulated in five vessels with volume of 90 m3 under home conditions. Composted material was variously modified (mixing and turning, moistening, add-ing fresh material) during the composting process. Temperature and oxygen con-centration inside vessels were measured, as well as reduction in volume of compost material during time, pH and electric conductivity of selected compost. It appeared that the temperature of the compost material in small volume in the compost pile was lower than the requirement for hygienization of the composted material. The temperature higher than 50°C was measured only sporadically and already during the first week of the experiment temperatures inside the vessels corresponded with outside temperatures. Oxygen concentration in all vessels was sufficient to ensure the aerobic process during the entire period of the experiment. The lowest measured oxygen concentration was higher than 10 %. These low values were measured only during the first week of the experiment, during the following weeks the oxygen concen-trations exceeded 15% only with small exceptions. Reduction in volume of the composted material highly depended on whether the compost material was ...
