The experiment was conducted in Research Station belonging to department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The growth and the yielding of ‘Jonagored' cv. apple trees was estimated. The trees were planted two methods: traditional and in ridges. Planting in ridges consists in setting trees on the top of the ground, fastening them to the wire stretched along the row and hilling their root with the soil from the space between rows. The trees were trained in three systems of soil cultivation: herbicide fallow, mulching with sawdust and agro textile. Additionally a part of the trees in herbicide fallow was irrigation by using drip irrigation. The research was conducted in years 2005-2008 in the orchard in full period of fruiting. The trees of ‘Jonagored' on M9 rootstock were planted in 3,5 x 0,5 m (5714 trees · ha-1) spacing in spring 2000. The estimation included: vegetative growth on the basis of number and sum of length of one-year-old shoots longer than 20 cm. The influence of these factors on the weight and number of deleted shoots during annual pruning was determined. The results showed that irrigation stimulates the growth of trees planted in high density on ...
The aim of the research was the estimation of growth and yield of 'Ligol'cv. apple trees depending on rootstock and polymeric sorbent called geo-composite SAP . The experiment was conducted in years 2006-2010 in Research Station be-longing to department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Two-year-old trees of ‘Ligol' cultivar were planted in the spring 2006 in 3, 5 x 1, 0 m spacing, on three rootstocks: M.9, P 60 and M26. The second factor of the experiment was application of geo-composite SAP in the form of agrożel placed inside geo-textile as strip with the width of 10 and length adjusted to a plot with trees The wet geo-composite, was put on the bottom of holes before the trees planting. The experiment was established according with randomized split-block me-thod, in three replication with tree trees on each plot. The trees were fruiting as early in the year of planting. Fruit yield was from particular tree determined by separate weighing. The weight of one fruit was estimated on the basis of the yield from one tree and number of picked up fruit. Tree vigour assessed taking into ac-count the increase in cross sectional area of the trunk, ...
The study was conducted in 2008-2009 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik near Stargard, on sandy soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sub-crown irrigation on the yield leaves photosynthesis and transpiration capacity, as well as CO2 concentration in the stomatal cells, and leaf greenness index of early 'Geneva Early' cv. and late 'Rubinola' cv. apple cultivars.Irrigation was applied in the form of the sub-crown system, in which water is distributed through a mini-sprayers of Hadar type when water potential of soil fell below -0.01 MPa. The experiment was established in a randomized sub-block pattern (split-plot) in 10 replicates. The study was conducted using the four-year-old trees. The trees were planted at 4 × 2 m spacing; one hectare was planted with 1250 trees. Turf was maintained between the trees, while herbicide fallow was applied in rows. Plant material for laboratory tests was collected each year in three dates: fruit setting (date 1), harvest (date 2) and one month after the harvest (date 3). Studies have shown that leaves of the irrigated apple trees were lower content of assimilation pigments in leaves than non-irrigated ones. Leaves of late ‘Rubinola' cv. showed higher ...
Poland is the biggest producer of apple in Europe. Rainfalls are basic source of water for plants. The climate of Poland is characterized by high temporal and spatial variation that makes estimation of plant water requirements and forecasting of water balance difficult. The aim of the study was assessment of water needs of apple trees as well as amount of effective precipitation, enabling estimation of irrigation requirements.Data was collected during vegetative periods (May - Sep.) of 2011 - 2016. Analysis of data from different years and locations revealed that in Polish conditions climatic water balance accurately reflects balance of water requirements of apple trees only in June. In May values of climatic water balance were significantly higher, whereas in July, August and September lower compared to balance of apple water requirements. ...
