The aim of this research was to study the effect of stecklings planting density on the seed stalk architecture, cluster yield and seed quality of 20 mono- and multigerm breeding lines and cultivars of red beet. The study included the new monogerm lines - AR79 A and AR79 B - breed in the Unit of Genetics Plant Breeding and Seed Science at the University of Agriculture in Kraków. The experiment was conducted in the years 2010 and 2011, in the open field conditions. Two planting densities of stecklings: 50 × 25 and 50 × 40 cm, were applied. Standard crop management practices, as recommended for red beet seed production under Polish conditions, were followed. The increase in plants interspacing from 50 × 25 to 50 × 40 cm led to the lower height, but twice higher number of shoots per plant, lower number of single, but higher number of bush and bush with main stem seed stalks, twice higher yield per plant as well higher thousand-seed weight and germination capacity. A large variation between genotypes in the features of seed-bearing plants, such as morphological structure, clusters yield and seed quality, were noted. Compared to other genotypes, the new monogerm breeding ...
The objective of this research was to study the seed stalk morphology, cluster yield and quality of 20 mono- and multigerm breeding lines as well as cultivars of red beet. The seed plants derived from the roots of the two sizes, during 2012 and 2013 in field conditions, were evaluated. Large stecklings formed plants with a higher number of shoots and lower percentage of the single seed stalks, and produced higher yields, and thousand-cluster weight compared to small stecklings. The monogerm genotypes developed higher plants with higher number of shoots and a lower number of a single seed stalks than the multigerm ones. The open-pollination and hybrid cultivars, as well as the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and their maintainer fertile lines, mostly presented comparable values of the studied traits. The cultivars yielded better and formed higher plants, and produced seeds with better quality than the CMS lines, which in turn formed more shoots and a higher number of bushes with the main stem plants compared to the cultivars. The characteristics of the generative plant development stage of different genotypes of red beet will be useful in breeding programs designed to create new, especially, monogerm hybrid cultivars. ...
The effects of osmopriming ‘Wolska' onion seeds on the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings as well as the mean germination time (MGT) were studied. The priming was carried out with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 and PEG 8000) at 1.0 MPa and 1.5 MPa solutions. The seeds were treated in a column bioreactor for 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 15 and 20ºC. Compared to the control (untreated seeds), both PEG 6000 and PEG 8000 osmotics similarly increased the percentage of normal seedlings, reduced the percentage of abnormal seedlings and shortened MGT. Seed priming at -1.0 MPa promoted a higher percentage of normal seedlings and shorter MGT than treatment at -1.5 MPa, but both osmotic potentials enhanced those germination features relative to the untreated seeds. Compared to the control, both priming temperatures improved the tested germination traits, but treatment at 20ºC gave better results than at 15ºC. Seeds primed for 48 hours produced the highest percentage of normal seedlings and the lowest number of abnormal seedlings, but treatment for 72 hours reduced MGT the most. The best ratios of normal to abnormal seedlings were obtained after priming at 20ºC for 24 hours at -1.0 MPa and ...
The aim of the research was to improve the germination parameters of red beet monogerm clusters using pre-sowing treatments. Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) clusters of two monogerm breeding lines, AR79A and W411A, differed in the initial germination capacity, were studied. Five seed treatments including rubbing, leaching for 4, 8 and 24 hours, and soaking for 24 hours, were performed. Based on the germination test carried out at 15 and 20ºC, the germination traits, such as the mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of uniformity of germination (CUG), coefficient of velocity (COV), germination capacity (GC) and germination rate (GR), were measured. Compared to the control, treatments used in the study improved the most of measured germination features for both tested lines. The leaching of clusters for 24 hours yielded the best enhancement in most of the germination traits. The rubbing was the least effective technique in terms of improvement in the germination parameters. The germination of treated clusters at 15 and 20°C presented comparable, and better than the control, values of germination features. The interaction between treatment method and germination temperature showed that leaching of clusters for 24 hours and germination at 20°C was the technique that successfully influenced the majority ...
The aim of the study was to compare the water requirements and the precipitation deficiencies during cultivation of asparagus in the period from June to August in the regions of Bydgoszcz and Wroclaw. The water needs were calculated using the plant coefficient. The reference evapotranspiration was measured by Grabarczyk's method (1976). The coefficients kc, determined for the Polish conditions by Rolbiecki (2013), were used to estimate the water requirements considered as the crop evapotranspiration. In the studied period (from June to August, 1996-2015), higher water requirements of asparagus were noted in the Wroclaw region (366.1 mm) than in the Bydgoszcz region (288.5 mm). The monthly water needs in June, July and August were 69.8 mm, 128.8 mm and 167.5 mm, respectively, in the Wroclaw region, and 55.5 mm, 98.5 mm and 134.5 mm, respectively, in the Bydgoszcz region. In July, the tendency to increase the water requirements in both observed regions was noted. The monthly crop evapotranspiration in July rose in each decade by 12.3 mm in the Bydgoszcz region and by 21.2 mm in the Wroclaw region. In the 20-year study, the rainfall deficit in June and July during 11-13 years was noted. In August, the precipitation deficiencies were ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of drip irrigation on the nutritive value of winter squash ‘Rouge vif d'Etampes' fruits analyzed directly after the harvest and after the storage. The plants were grown on the very light soil in the region of decreased rainfall amounts during the vegetation period. The field experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil of quality class V-VI (very weak and weak-rye-soil-complex). The field water capacity in the soil layer 0-50 cm was 57.5 mm, while the effective useful retention amounted 29.3 mm. The experiment was designed as one-factorial trial in four replications; drip irrigation as the experiment factor was applied. As the control the plots without irrigation were considered. The single plot area was 11.2 m2. The drip irrigation was conducted according to the soil tensiometer indications ( 0.04 MPa). The research material was the eatable parts of fresh fruits that were analyzed directly after the harvest and after the storage for six months at the temperature 10°C and the relative air humidity 75%. The drip irrigation performed during the cultivation of winter squash increased the content of vitamin C, total carotenoids including ß-carotene, as ...
The study of drip fertigation of winter squash ‘Gomez' was conducted on the very light soil on the experimental field in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz in the years 2007 and 2008. The research was established as one-factorial, using the method of drawn blocks, in four replications. Drip fertigation (DF) as the liquid fertilization supplied nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus to the plants three times during growing season. As the control (DP), the drip irrigation combined with broadcast application was used. The potassium and phosphorus fertilization of control plots was applied before seed sawing. The nitrogen fertilization of control plots was provided in three single doses during vegetation. The liquid and powder fertilizations were performed at the same time. The complex fertilizer 'Universol Blue' (N:P:K = 18:11:18) was used. The dose of fertilizer was 3:2:3 (187.5:125:187.5 kg of NPK per ha). The irrigation was conducted using the drip line 'T-Tape'. The liquid fertilizer was mixed by the 'Dosatron' dispenser. The irrigation started when the soil water pressure, measured with the tensiometers, was near -0.04 MPa. In comparison to the control (powder fertilization), the drip fertigation (liquid fertilization) significantly increased marketable fruit yield, single fruit weight and fruit number. Most of the tested ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation on yielding of summer squash ‘White Bush' grown under conditions of two localities: Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński (soil of quality class IVb, and of good-rye-soil-complex) and Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz (soil of quality class V, and of weak-rye-soil-complex). The study was designed as one-factorial trial: drip irrigation as the experimental factor was considered. Drip irrigation was conducted according to soil tensiometer indications (-0.04 MPa). Both, in Lipnik as well as in Kruszyn Krajeński, drip irrigation significantly increased marketable yield of summer squash ‘White Bush'. A higher rise in yields due to irrigation was obtained in Kruszyn Krajeński than in Lipnik. Mean marketable yield of summer squash fruits in Lipnik was higher than that obtained in Kruszyn Krajeński. Drip irrigation significantly increased the single fruit weight in relation to the control, in both crop localities. The system of drip irrigation significantly affected the number of fruits per plant. Summer squash plants grown in Lipnik produced higher number of fruits, than in Kruszyn Krajeński. In addition, essential influence of drip irrigation was affirmed on chemical composition of fruits, i.e. dry matter, vitamin C, monosaccharides, saccharose, content of total sugars ...
