An important effect of temperature increase due to global warming is the possibility of decreasing agricultural efficiency of atmospheric precipitation as well as the change in the fundamental components of water balance due to increase in evaporation, which is accompanied by the absence of clear precipitation trends in the temperate European zones. The subject of this article is to determine the values of atmospheric precipitation, which during the drought phase should be supplemented with irrigation values so that it does not lower the moisture of the active soil layer in terms of the recent mean levels. We should also take into account different temperature scenarios (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0°C). The multiple-step regression model that has been calculated taking into account the level of soil moisture, air temperature and precipitation indicates that for a mean 10-day period (decade) during the growing season (April-October) the values obtained are 2.2, 3.6 and 5.2 mm, as well as 46, 76 and 109 mm in the entire growing season respectively. This particular model was devised for the city of Poznan and its vicinities, which is situated in north-western Poland. ...
In this article the authors present a thermal analysis of winter seasons with temperatures above 0ºC. This analysis was carried out in the period 1981-2010, which was marked by a clear temperature increase in Poland as well as worldwide. The analysis emphasizes the impact of temperature changes on recreational and tourist qualities of rural areas. The material used, featured mean monthly temperature values obtained from 53 weather stations situated in lowland areas. The winter season was defined as lasting from December to February. In all three months 6 different winters were distinguished which had temperatures above 0ºC in terms of mean area values (1987/1988, 1988/1989, 1989/1990, 1997/1998, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008). A typical warm winter with temperatures above 0°C in all three months, is characterized by a longitudinal course of January isotherms from east to west (1 to 3°C). During the warmest month, (Jan 2007) the isotherms had a similar pattern (2 to 5°C). The most important negative impact of global warming during winter is the decrease in the number of days with snow cover and the depth of snow cover. Adaptation approaches present a number of various suggestions and solutions in terms of the existing and forecasted climate changes during ...
The paper describes and evaluates the space of Stobrawski Landscape Park located in the north-western part of Opolskie Voivodeship. The study on natural and tourism values was conducted by the "classification-by-points" method. The following evaluation criteria were adopted for the natural values: forestation rate, heterogeneity, the occurrence of natural protection forms and the occurrence of surface water, while for the tourism values, the criteria included: cultural diversity, the number of objects of historical value, the length of tourist trails, the presence of educational paths, and the occurrence of accommodation and catering facilities. Three evaluations, namely natural, tourism, and comprehensive tourism-and-natural evaluation, were carried out. The Head Office of Land Surveying and Cartography data, specialist literature, and field research results were used. The conducted analysis revealed the spatial diversity of the park's assets, which allows the authors to suggest measures aimed at exploiting the tourism potential of the area concerned while observing the principle of sustainable development. In terms of the natural environment, the most valuable fragments of the area under study are river valleys, particularly the Oder river valley, and the north-western part of the park where, inter alia, 4 nature reserves are located. In view of the low tourism ...
The aim of the study was the characteristics of thermal-precipitation conditions in the Opole voivodeship on the basis of mean monthly air temperature, and precipitation values from the 1981-2010 period from the Łosiów, Stare Olesno, Opole, and Głubczyce weather stations. Basic statistical characteristics of the thermal-precipitation conditions were calculated. They were mean monthly, and annual air temperature, and precipitation values over the 30-year period, standard temperature deviations, and precipitation variability coefficients. It was also studied whether there were trends of change as far as temperature, and precipitation were concerned. In addition, the dates of the beginning, and end of thermal periods, as well as their lengths were determined. The determined periods were: thermal winter, the economic period, vegetation period, intense vegetation period, and ripening period, corresponding to the period of thermal summer. During the last stage of study, dryness indicator A was calculated. On the basis of the calculations carried out, it was stated, that in the Opole voivodship the mean annual air temperature ranged from 8.0ºC, and 9.1ºC, and in the case of two towns it increased significantly. A significant increase in monthly temperature was also observed in April, and in the summer months. The increase in temperature translated ...
The aim of the undertaken research was an evaluation of the frequency of the dry and the wet months in the Opole Voivodeship in the months of May to September in1981-2010 years, in the view of the global warming. The dry and the wet months were characterized on the basis of hydrothermal index K, thermo-precipitation index A, standardized precipitation index SPI and the amount of the precipitation deficiencies and excesses of the late potato. The attempt of answering the question which of these indexes describe the moisture conditions of the vegetative season the best were undertaken.It was proved that the average frequency of months, in which the different level of draught's intensity was observed, was equal to 25% on the basis of the thermo-precipitation index A, 35% standardized precipitation index SPI, 36% hydrothermal index K, and 34% on the basis of the deficiencies precipitation amount. The average frequency of the wet months were counted to all four indexes and the values were: 23% on the basis of the thermo-precipitation index A, 23% standardized precipitation index SPI, 16% hydrothermal index K, and 29% on the basis of the deficiencies precipitation amount. The dependence between the four indexes and the yield of ...
