The aim of the study was to assess the rainfall deficits on two- and three-cut meadows the meadows in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz. The research was based on 34-year meteorological data gained from observations made in the years 1981-2014 at the Research Centre of the University University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, located in the village of Mochle, about 20 km from the city center. When assessing the local agroclimate, we used average monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation totals. Calculated for the meadows rainfall deficits and surpluses allowed to estimate the moisture conditions during the growth of the sward on two- and three-cut meadows. The average rainfall total in the growing season is 313 mm and meets the needs of meadow sward at 73%. On the two-cut meadows the largest rainfall deficit occurred during the accumulation of the first regrowth of sward, and on the three-cut meadows in the second regrowth. On the basis of the ratio of the relative precipitation index RPI it was found that at the average rainfall deficit of 113 mm the frequency of occurrence in the category of years was for normal 29.4%, dry 32.4, and wet 38.2%. Rainfall deficits present in ...
The aim of the study was the estimation of six mixtures for renovation of pastures located on the soils of V and VI quality class under differentiated nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out in the farm specializing in breeding Limousin beef cattle in the years 2008-2012. The most important factor verifying the suitability of mixtures has proved the botanical stability and the resistance to weed infestation of plant communities created by these mixtures. These features were guaranteed by the multispecies mixtures of cocksfoot, but turned out to be completely unreliable in case of mixture with dominance of tall fescue. Cocksfoot was the most dynamic species of the communities of pasture. This species was increasing its percentage in the subsequent years of utilization, effectively reducing their weed infestation. Valuable component of mixtures has also proved the perennial ryegrass which was persisting in significant quantities during the four years. Its significant share in mixtures without cocksfoot grass turned out to be far less competitive with respect to the developing dicotyledonous weed species. Also the amount of cocksfoot negatively affect the development of perennial ryegrass, especially at higher levels of nitrogen fertilization. The dose of 120 kg of nitrogen, used together ...
