Ornamental nursery in Poland has been developing vary well in the resent years. It is the most success sector within floriculture or even in horticulture at all. Area of production grew up to 6747 ha and the value of production in 2011 was animated on 1 billion PLN. Irrigation is one of the most important factors with great importance on production. Therefore it is important to optimize the ways of using water resources in the process of nursery development. It should be related to not only modern and economical irrigation systems but also with the introduction of rational criteria of irrigation plants grown in the field and containers. Optimizing of watering plants in nursery, using the systems that save water and money should be more important since then. The aim of the study based on questionnaire and authors on visits in the nurseries was to estimate watering systems in nurseries, source of water and amount of water used for irrigation according to holding size, localization and association in producers organizations. In the study 612 holdings were examined mostly by the e-mail survey, but some of them also by authors own visits what was very valuable for this research. Area of ...
The aim of the work was to evaluate the condition of trees planting along the main road S7 in central Poland. There are many examples that trees along roads and highways in Poland grows badly and mortality of plants within one or two years after planting is on a very high level. This caused great losses of public means and huge, non-valuated losses for the environment and countryside. Results of this study where the evaluation of trees planting along road S7 between Jedlińsk and Grójec was undertaken, shows that almost 50% of trees died or vanished within 2-3 years after planting. Total number of trees planted on the studied area (8 species) was about 1775 units, and 887 out of them are lost. This made losses on 134000 PLN only on this segment of road. Value of trees planted along S7 road between Jedlińsk and Grójec was calculated on 287000 PLN, the coast of trees consisted on 169000 PLN. ...
Irrigation in ornamental plants production is one of the most important factor guaranteed good growth of plants, their high quality and healthiness. Water needed in plants production is divided into two types: water which is needed for irrigation with main sources like streams, rivers, deep wells or even waterworks. Second type of water in plants production is natural precipitation and irrigation. Excess of this water must be drainage and transfer to ditches or retention basins. The aim of this analysis based on two models of ornamental holdings was to point out great possibilities of rainwater retention and its uses for plants irrigation. For this research two modern, different farms were chosen. One of them with greater area of container plant production (16 ha) located near Wieluń city. Other with great area of greenhouse production (3,9 ha) located near Bydgoszcz city. These farms already made some adjustments for rainwater retention from roofs and roads within farms. According to once requirement of water for 1 ha of container plant irrigation which was 21 and 22,5 m3, total yearly amount of water was determined between 2268 and 2430 m3. For greenhouse production once requirement of water for 1 ha plants irrigation was ...
In 2002 the nurseries associated in Polish Nurserymen Association offered 4597 species and cultivars of woody plants and perennials, whereas 14 years later the number of available plants increased to 6361 taxa. During this time 1781 new species and cultivars were introduced and this means that every year 162 new taxa appeared on the market. During this period of time the number of climbers offered to gardeners was doubled, also number of conifers and broad leaved plants increased significantly, respectively 57,6 % and 48,2 %. However, with respect to the range of products and still increasing list of species, Polish nurserymen offer twice fewer plants than their colleagues from Holland or Germany. Import of new species and cultivars is the main source of plants so far unknown in Poland. Results of presented studies show that the number of holdings which import new plants from abroad increases proportionally to the expanding area of nursery production. The import of new species poses risk for the local environment and landscape, particularly the rural areas, because some of the foreign species are known as invasive. Results of the survey questionnaire show that theissues of invasive alien species are quite well known in the nurserymen's ...
The aim of the local study and chemical analyses was identification of the impact of transport pollution connected with removing winter ice and snow from the roads on roadside plants and soils. The study was conducted near the main road no 12 in central Poland, in 4 locations. Plants and soil along the roads are particularly exposed on many stresses and injuries. As consequence of long time of application salts to maintain safe driving conditions on the road, side soil is exposure for contamination and high accumulation of sodium and chloride ions. During the experiment soil and leaves samples were taken for chemical analysis and EC or pH determination. Observation of trees and leaf-blade damage were also made. High soil salinity an pH were observed in the direct roadside. Values are decreasing when the distance from the road curb is increasing. In case of salinity data are becoming statistically not important at 7-8 m from the road curb. Whereas pH values of soil samples from the field are acidity compared to samples taken from the roadside that are alkaline. The results indicate that sodim chloride de-icing affects of sodium downloading by the native species of trees grown along the road ...
The aim of the analysis is to pointed out the areas in the ornamental plant production sector where some activities can be undertaken to prevent environment and natural recourses. In this paper some area of ornamental production with high impact on environment are indicate by a number index and possibilities to reducing this pressure are also pointed out. These are areas with intensive production under protection where great amount of fossil fuels are used to heat greenhouses or plastic tunnels and electricity used for supplementary lighting, areas of container plant production where intensive irrigation and fertilizing is needed, and area of field production with a high pressure on the soil. Estimating results shows that only heating of protected area used yearly 490 thousand tons of coal, 170 thousand ton of heating oil and 15,7 million m3 of natural gas. Apart from that, ornamental sector generate considerable amount of organic and nonorganic waste and also consuming 274,5 thousand m3 of sphagnum peat every year as one of the main component of a growing medium. ...
