The influence of transportation conditions and work organization on the unitary costs of transportation were determined in selected farms in the Małopolska region. It was verified that factors lowering the costs are increasing the load capacity and its utilization and increasing the efficiency of loading and especially unloading.High transportation costs are strongly influenced by many factors, such as the transportation conditions and the work organization (the structure of working time, mechanization of loading etc.) ...
Presented results of researches relate to transport infrastructure (linear and point) of the surveyed holdings. Distances in the internal transport: farmland - economic object are very large, averaging 2.91 km (from 2.04 for the smallest farms to 3.50 km for the average farm). Considering the factor rolling resistance, the factual distance, an average of 2.91 km corresponds to the distance of driving over asphalt pavement in good condition 11.08 km. The average size of cadastral parcels - as a basic element that generates the mass transport is 1.30 hectares from 0.63 - 4.16 ha, depending on the size of the farm. In the analyzed groups, average, the minimum plot is 0.09 ha and the maximum 14.0 ha. The share of roads with an asphalt surface at an average of 47.42%, however, direct entry into the field only at 7.23% is from the main road and up to 63.86% of the dirt road. In the group of the surveyed holdings averaged only 31.33% of objects in a set of tractor with trailer, 37.35% of trucks and 35.54% of trucks without trailer, has the opportunity - in the economic object (yard) of relapse by 3600. ...
In article presented the results of studies on transport infrastructure (linear and point) the surveyed holdings. Distances in internal transport: field - economic object with average 2.91 km are range from 2.68 km of general agricultural production to 3.53 km of cattle production. At almost the same area in both groups, such differences indicate negative expanse of farm fields toward the cattle production. Taking into account the rolling resistance coefficient in terms of actual outlays distance, actual distance, average of 2.91 km corresponds to distance of ride on the asphalt pavement in good condition for 11.08 km. The average size of record plot is 1.30 acres, and its diversity between analyzed groups of farms is small. In the internal transport share of asphalt roads is - an average of 47.42% (the most beneficial on cattle production farm), a direct entry into the field only in 7.23% is from the asphalt road and up to 63.86% from the dirt road. In the object (backyard) average only in 31.33% of the holdings set of tractor-trailer, 37.35% of delivery vans and 35.54 of trucks without a trailer has the ability to seamlessly relapse by 360. ...
The study presents the results of research pertaining to transport infrastructure (linear and nodal) of the farms under analysis. The means of transport owned calculated per 100 ha of cultivated land outside the group with vocational education in higher groups of education decreases significantly proportionately to the increase in the level of education. Internal transport distances are quite large with the average value of 15.25 km and the variability among the distinguished groups ranging from 8.03 to 18.82 km and no relationship with the owner's education is observed. On average, 47.42% of the surface for internal transport are paved roads in average condition, their share between the distinguished groups ranges from 43.30 to 51.92%. In 63.86% of cases, the access to the field - the final section of the surface is a dirt road and only in 7.23% of the cases - a paved road. In this area, the situation of farmers with higher education is the most advantageous. On average, there are 20.19 plots (from 15.31 to 26.46 pieces), the surface area of the average plot is 1.30 ha on average. Only in 31.33% of farms, a tractor with a trailer can turn back in a collision-free manner in ...
This paper presents results of research on transportation infrastructure (line and spot) of the examined farms within the context of farm owner's age. Farm size expressed in ha of farming area decreases noticeably from 35.63 to 20.34 along with an increase in farmer's age. Equipment in transportation means expressed in pieces per farm, varies from 2.23 (youngest) to 1.95 (oldest), with the average of 2.23. This, fact, in combination with farm size, may prove better work efficiency resulting from selection of proper means and better work organization or increased use of transportation services. In internal transportation, with the average distance of 2.91, there is a favourable decreasing tendency along with an increase in farmer's age. With a considerable average of 15,25 km for external transportation, there is a visible decrease along with an increase in farmer's age. The average allotment size and diversification of averages for each group (from 0.09 to 14.00 ha) is characteristic. The size of farmyard which allows for non-collision operation of a given transportation means show that in circa 30% non-collision turning back manoeuvre is possible. The most favourable condition in regard to this aspect occur for group B. Other elements of infrastructure, such as ...
Assessment of the coefficient of mechanization level of loading and unloading works was conducted in the paper. It was established that mechanization of loading activities affects the transport efficiency. The coefficient of mechanization index of loading works obtained for small load capacity aggregates (particularly tractor + cart aggregates) is unsatisfactory (e.g. for loose loads 3.71%). In all load groups and for all transport aggregates a higher mechanization index occurs at unloading works, (e.g. loose loads - loading 53.04, unloading 56.85%).The working time expenditure of transport aggregates is decreasing with increasing efficiency of loading and unloading, which is growing with increasing mechanization of these works. At mechanization index 0% loading works efficiency is 6.55 Mg, whereas at the index 100% - 29.19Mg. ...
The paper analyses potential applications of modern car transport on farms with area over 20 ha agricultural land (AL). A vast majority of farms are capable of using transport by means of truck with load capacity between 8 and 10 tons. The greatest difficulty is a possibility of performing a safe 360° turn. In this respect only 45.90% of farms have this option, however their percentage is growing with increasing farm area. On the other hand, in case of on average 21.31% of the analyzed farms the entrance may be hindered at some times due to the access from a field track. The width of the entrance gate and the culvert bridge bearing capacity (in 8.20% it was too low) have only slight influence on the discussed issues. ...
The paper describes the influence of the distribution - the arrangement of fields in relation to the economic center on the distance and the expenditure incurred in internal transport. The analysis was done for three variants W0 - current layout, W1 - approximation of fields to center by 50%, W2 - arrangement of all fields around the farm. The distance traveled was W0 - 1.11 km, W1 - 0.51 km (54.05% less to W0), W2 - 0.09 km (91.89% less to W0 and 82.23% less to W1. Analysis of the influence of the spread allows us to conclude that, with average journey time in variant 0 (4.0 h) in variant 2, the journey time decreased on average to 0.31 h, ie 12.9 times lower. On the other hand, the average fuel costs for the tested farms in PLN * ha-1 were as follows: W0 - PLN 120.27, W1 - PLN 65.25 (45.74% less than W0), W2-9.31 (992, by 25% less to W0 and 85.73% less on W1). At the same time, the direction of production and the intensity of production at the same time have a significant impact on the incurred expenditures . ...
