The area subjected to analysis is located in the north-west part of Poland in Pomerania province. The study is located in the vicinity of meteorological research station managed by the Department of Meteorology, University of Life Sciences in Poznań. The area is located within the buffer zone of Drawieński National Park. Standard tests of the water conditions in forests based on river basin schema, which basically makes evaluation the quasi-point impossible (in units or subunits of forest). Therefore, to calculate the profile drainage and retention changes proposed measurements of groundwater levels in the trailing transects and marking moisture in the aeration zone using TDR method. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) became known as a useful method for soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity measurement in the 1980s through the publication of a series of papers by Topp, Dalton and others. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a highly accurate and automatable method for determination of porous media water content and electrical conductivity. Water content is inferred from the dielectric permittivity of the medium, whereas electrical conductivity is inferred from TDR signal attenuation. Empirical and dielectric mixing models are used to relate water content to measured dielectric permittivity. Clay and organic ...
Field studies have been carried out on marshland areas in the Promotion Forest Complex Rychtalskie Forest. Marshland areas are characterized by very large water storage capacities. Total annual outflow is relatively small - about 4% of a total annual precipitation and it occurs only in winter half-year and in May. Ground water levels lie shallow, about 1 m under the surface area. The forecast of water condition change in the investigated areas, expressed by ground water changes, was based on negative trend of precipitation. It has been assumed that, essential changes on marshland area ecosystems will occur, when - average ground water levels come down by about 50% of the present state. It has been es-timated that it will happen after around 100 years. Pragmatic actions should aim to totally stop water outflow from these areas. It was found that surface water had better water quality than ground water. First of them had the results in the interval ranging from the border of detect ability to the upper limit of the 2nd class of purity whereas second to the 5th class of purity. In surface waters the parameter with the poorest value in all seasons was chemical oxygen demand (ChZT). ...
Since 2007 the program called "Enhancing water storage capacity and preventing floods and drought in lowland forest ecosystems" has been implemented in the Polish forests. Its objective is to stop or slow down the outflow of surface water in the vicinity of small catchment areas and to support the development of natural landscape. The activities include, among others, the construction or renovation of several thousand water storage systems in lowland forests throughout the country. One of the major goals of the project is to support ecologically sound methods of water retention. The improvement of water balance will enhance biodiversity in forest ecosystems. This project may become the first large effort in Europe to develop small-scale water retention in forests. It analyzed the small water retention investments data already existing in Tuczno Forest Division. Analysis of the documentation showed that Tuczno Forest Division invests primarily cheap small water retention objects, environmentally friendly, made from ecological materials. These constructions often combine features of road engineering structures with backwater devices (culvert-penstock, dike). In this study, it was found that the depth and capacity of water reservoir in the 100th forest sub-compartment is less than the project intent by 4% and 10%. The cause ...
Because of more and more frequent droughts and observed climate changes, infrastructural investments in forest are at present targeted at increasing water resources, which is realized under the so-called small-scale water retention. Forest reservoirs located in Pomorze Forest District in the north-eastern Poland, which was selected for research, fits this trend. The constructed facilities were to reduce the indications of habitat dryness and to improve fire prevention. The investment consisting in building 14 objects of water melioration has changed water conditions in the research area. 12 oak dams, stone weir and an earth pond for amphibians have been built. As a result of the realized investment, the level of water has increased and problems with periodical flooding of forest habitats have occurred. At the beginning of 2012, observational and measuring wells were created to monitor all occurring changes of the soil water table. The received data can be useful in clarifying the causes for flooding and in possible suggestions to improve the existing water conditions. This paper presents the analysis of the influence of realized investments on the changes in the level of groundwater between 2012 and 2014. ...
The aim of the presented studies was to calculate interception values for the sixty-year-old pine stand located in Tuczno Forest District. The area subjected to analysis is located in the north-western part of Poland, in West Pomerania province. The calculations were based on the measurements of precipitation above the tree crowns (2 pluviometers) and at a height of 1 m above the surface (13 pluviometers). Precipitation measurements used in this work were carried out in 30-minute intervals during the entire 2014. The analyses were conducted using mainly A-STER tipping bucket pluviometers. Temporary interception in the studied sixty-year-old pine stand can reach even about seven millimeters. The daily difference between precipitation above the tree crowns and precipitation at 1 m above the surface can reach twelve millimeters. The calculated volume of the so called interception reservoir was about three millimeters (3.26 mm). The annual value of interception for the tested stand was 19.6% of the total annual precipitation. ...
Natural and anthropological climate changes are due to reason why unfavorable water resources are changed. The Forest Promotion Complexes are a functional areas in peculiarities about to ecological meaning, educational and social. The area of the FPC Lasy Rychtalskie have high retention potential. Surface outflow is relatively low ca 4% of annual precipitation and occurs in the winter half-year extending into May. The prognosis of groundwater level changes expressed by groundwater level dynamics was created on the basis of negative annual rainfall trend. The projection was calculated on assumption that significant changes in forest swamp ecosystems would occur provided that average groundwater depth level decrease by 50% of the actual groundwater level depth. The reduction of groundwater level depth as the outcome of this scenario can be expected in 100-year period. Pragmatic action to be taken should prevent from the outflow of the water from the areas. The earlier carried earlier out chemical tests did not reveal any excessive accumulation of chemical pollutants in soils, as well as surface and groundwater. ...
