Since the Polish accession to European Union we are to obliged to carry out the river quality assessment by biological monitoring. The part of the assessment is a macrophyte-based methods used in the evaluation of the ecological status of rivers in respect of biodiversity. Macrophyte Method for River Assessment has been used since 2007 and provide us information about ecological state of rivers.The assessment was made at small, lowland Cetynia River (35,6 km total length), which is a left bank tributary of Bug River. At the chosen, examinated section of the river (100 m) was described the composition of water plants (ma-crophytes), morphological and abiotic conditions of the River. The paper presents resolute of preliminary assessment of ecological state of Cetynia River and oxygen indicators (BOD, COD-Cr and dissolved oxygen).
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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the usefulness of opoka rock and reactive material made of it to remove phosphorous from surface water and wastewater. Presented results concern the effects of calcium (Ca) contamination in the reactive material (heated opoka) and it impacts on the value of the maximum sorption capacity Smax. Six batches of material (O1-O6) which come from deposits located in Belzec (south-east part of Poland) is characterized by variable amounts of Ca, which is 238,6-520,1 g∙kg-1. The maximum sorption capacity Smax estimated by Langmuir isotherm model equals 12,3-25,5 mg P-PO4 g-1∙kg. To assess the relationship between the content of Ca, Fe Al and Mg in composition of the reactive material and its ability to retain phosphorus correlation coefficients was used and showed that calcium (Ca) is associated with phosphorus sorption capacity (r=0.99126). Also, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 content have an impact on the ability to bind phosphorous. In contrary, the contamination of MgO has no significant effect on the value of Smax.
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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the possibility of using autoclaved aerated concrete as a reactive material to remove phosphorus from water and wastewater. To this study autoclaved aerated concrete produced by sand technology was used. During 60 minutes contact time batch test the reactive material reduced 82% of P from the solution. Laboratory tests have shown that the material has a good sorption capacity (6.03 mg g-1). The estimated maximum value of sorption capacity Smax based on the Langmuir isotherm is 16.87 mg P-PO4 g-1. Autoclaved aerated concrete may be used as a filter medium for removing phosphorus from contaminated surface water, rain water and also in small sewage treatment plants as a further step of removing phosphorus from waste water. ...
Air pollution, noise, omnipresent traffic and the accompanying stress make an adverse effect on human life in the city. In addition, buildings and related umpermeable surfaces, enhance the urban heat island effect and cause problems with the management of rainwater. Therefore, modern housing developments must meet the challenge of ensuring a high quality of life for residents. This effect can be achieved by putting on the green, including green roofs, and the construction of ponds in the form of rainwater management systems. Another challenge is to maintain the quality of water in the reservoir. The paper presents the results of two reactive materials laboratory scale tests, for their use in order to maintain the level of phosphorus in the water. According to the FLL guidelines (2011) for swimming ponds, phosphorus concentration below 0.01 mg/L will provide transparent and visually attractive water. Studies have shown that the opoka turned out to be more effective sorbent for phosphorus than dedicated to this goal commercial product FerroSorp®. ...
Soilless cultivation of tomatoes in the greenhouse is a source of waste in form of mineral wool polyethylene. Utilisation of mineral wool waste originating from horticulture is still unresolved and rises a lot of controversy The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using mineral wool waste in the construction of a green roof. To find the answer, physical properties, i.e. water absorption, water capacity and leachability were assessed for fresh mat and mineral wool waste. Preliminary assessment of pollutants leaching from mineral wool waste was also performed. It was found that the physical properties of the used mats are different from those of the input material. The content of phosphorus in leachate from used mineral wool derived from greenhouse cultivation excludes its use as a material for green roofs construction, if the runoff is discharged into water bodies. ...
Green roofs are one of the method of recovering green space in urban are-as. They are also effective in improvement of air quality and local climate as well as play an important role in thermal insulation of buildings. The most important role they play in urban areas is rain water retention and delaying of the runoff. The main goal of the research was to estimate potential influence of the green roof substrate on runoff water quality. Preliminary results show increase of the con-centration of phosphates and total solids in leachate. Mean concentration of solids in intensive roof substrate leachate amounted 231 mg dm-3 and in extensive sub-strate leachate 274 mg dm-3, comparing to concentration 6-7 mg dm-3 in simulated rain. Phosphorus concentration in intensive and extensive substrate runoff amounted 0,112 mgPO4-P dm-3 and 0,126 mgPO4-P dm-3 respectively. Phosphorus concentration in simulated rain amounted 0,056 mgPO4-P dm-3. Even if the concentrations in substrate leachate are low, phosphorus can still be an important factor influencing green roofs runoff receiver quality. ...
The most of the on site wastewater treatment systems in Poland discharges treated effluent to the soil. The goal of phosphorus (P) reduction from dispersed sources of pollution can be achieved by application of P reactive materials in the construction of wastewater infiltration systems. Two P reactive materials were tested in this study: Polonite® in grains of 26 mm and lightweight aggregate Leca® in grains of 410 mm. Apparent P sorption capacity was assesed on 40.9 mg·g-1 (Polonite®) and 5.1 mg·g-1 (Leca®). Both materials sorbed P-PO4 very fast, after 15 min over 90% of P was removed from solution and wastwater. Wastewater used in this study came from the outlet from the septic tank of on site septic system. P-PO4 solution was prepared from KH2PO4 and the tap water. In the small column experiment, four collumns (2 filled with Polonite® and 2 filled with Leca®) were fed with wastewater and P-PO4 solution in hydraulic loadings of 3040 dm3·m-2·d-1. All the columns removed significant amounts of P from both solution and wastewater with the reduction between 28.3% and 72.5%. The mean P-PO4 effluent concentrations ranged from 1.21 mg·dm-3 to 7.12 mg·dm-3. The best overall performance was achieved by the Polonite® fed ...
