Attempts to analyze real estate markets forcing classical methods, which narrow the area of research and standardization of variables, inter alia, limited territorial coverage. The paper presents a segmentation of the land immobility market at selected areas of urban-rural, that deliberately was chosen so, as not to create homogeneous cluster. To this end, the model regression trees (C&RT) was chosen, which allows you to combine qualitative and quantitative attributes, and thus-far overlooked features include, without assigning them values. The result a scheme that allows to assess the value of real estate transaction price including attributes such as "Community" or "City" was prepared.
...
The need for periodic testing of surveying equipment is often treated by surveyors as a "necessary evil". Research conducted in the Metrological Geodetic Laboratory GLM AGH shows that the periodic calibration of surveying instru-ments allows to detect and describe the systematic errors, and generate proposals for the proper use of equipment, which leads to maintaining the accuracy required under the legislation.The article presents conclusions from laboratory tests of leveling rods, which can help to improve the accuracy of precise leveling. These considerations are particularly important for measurements carried out in the mountains and in engineering measurements of the highest accuracy.
...
At the stage of market analysis prior to application of appropriate proce-dures for determining a value of the property an important element is to determi-nate a variability of immobility prices over a time, and if the impact of the transac-tion at the time of transfer is important for volatility, it should be adjust transaction prices based on accumulated property.It is important to confirm for the stage of the valuation of the recent years events at the Polish real estate market. While still 5-10 years ago, in a predictable and regular way property prices shaped in accordance with a trend of small grow-ing, then starting from 2003 the property market in Poland has entered the period known as boom and the market prices observed a very large price increases. Dif-ferences between current market prices for similar properties can vary by a few or several percent from month to month, and the disregard of these changes over time during the measurement could lead to a significant underestimation of the real estate value.Article aims determine the suitability of statistical models to detect and de-termine the price changes in the accumulated database real estate and their appli-cation to adjust prices due to the shift ...
Measurements of the 3rd class of leveling network require the appropriate class of equipment. Based on researches performed in Geodesy Metrology Laboratory in AGH can formulate proposals for the economic selection of a set of equipment to perform such work. That kind of set may be digital level Leica Sprinter with 3m-length uniform fiberglass leveling staff GSS113. The coefficient of thermal expansion was determined in the thermal chamber and calibration was performed for these staffs on a vertical comparator. In accordance with norm PN/ISO 17123-2 the error of 1 km of double run leveling was determined for set of Leica Sprinter with GSS113 staffs. In some cases this set can replace more expensive Leica DNA10 level. The present research indicated the usefulness of the set for leveling the 3rd class of leveling network, indicating the essential elements for its application in practice. The paper presents a study on one set of Leica but described research methodology is universal and can be used for equipment from other companies. The main goal of this study was to provide users informations about the possibilities and limitations of their equipment. ...
In the Geodesy Metrology Laboratory of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow (GLM AGH) are conducted research associated with checking, validation and calibration of surveying equipment. Using a laser inter-ferometer as a standard of length measure significantly increased the range of works performed in GLM AGH. There was built a vertical comparator that allows precise calibration of leveling rods (with classic and barcode graduation), hori-zontal comparator allowing to calibrate invar or steel tapes, test of total stations, electronic distance measuring instruments and levels, as well as the thermal chamber to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of leveling rods. Research capabilities of GLM AGH complement observation stands to the classifi-cation of survey instruments, including precise digital levels, electronic theodolites, and to study stability of collimation's line of instruments. For testing EDM, total stations and GPS receivers is used calibration baseline "Wisła" and polyline cali-bration base. The paper characterizes the various measurement stands and shows the range of possible tests of geodetic instruments performed in GLM AGH. Based on the results of research work for the surveying contractors, quotes numerous exam-ples proving the necessity of periodically checking the instruments and the benefits for the accuracy of geodetic ...
