In recent years there rapidly developed advanced control systems. Their development has a huge influence on the maintenance of geodetic sites. The comparison of control systems allows you to specify changes to support geodesy. In many cases, the development of control systems will limit the range of typical geodetic works, however, there are new areas of activity in the sphere of geodetic adjustment, coordination and control of the digital terrain model of the project to digitize and progress of works.Technological advance in the world is inevitable and permanent. The role and place of the profession of surveyors in this rapidly changing world will de-pend largely on the ability to adapt and incorporate the changes taking place in the field of professional work.The article presents the issue of the use of manual surveying sites on the background of different control systems.
...
The rational managing of commune estates resources should help in solving housing needs of its inhabitants. For this part of population that cannot afford to build or buy its dwelling, some possibilities for housing problems solution has occurred. The Societies of Collective Housing may be helpful here. They often function in cooperation with local authorities that supply them with land necessary for performing building activity.Having possibility of obtaining preferential loan from The Country Housing Fund, disposed by Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego, the societies were capable to build flats for those who cannot buy them. The person wanting to live in such a flat pays only 30% of its costs. The rest is payed in the monthly rent. Such a person must fill some conditions concerning income per person in family.The main issue analyzed in this paper is the problem of legal rights for such flats and their valuation, when they are destined for sell. Nowadays, despite paying 30% of flat building expenses and loan costs included in the rent, the participant cannot be a full owner. Until know, the legislator did not provide any solutions that enable buying off such a dwelling by participant. The ways of changing such ...
The number and groups of mites (Acari) and species composition of oribatid mites (Oribatida) were analysed in three different substrates used for the restoration of degraded soils: (1) pine forest litter, (2) apple orchard litter, and (3) pine chips. The study was conducted in the years 2011-2012, on microplots of the area of 1m2, established in a belt of trees of a nursery in Białe Błota (Bydgoszcz Forest District). Average biannual mite density per 50 cm3 of the investigated substrates ranged from 14.6 to 54.43 individuals. The highest numbers of mites were found in shredded forest litter and the lowest in pine chips. The most abundant mites in the studied material were oribatid mites, accounting for 57.3 % of these arthropods. The highest number of oribatid mites was found in the forest litter (28), and the lowest (20) in pine chips. The number of species in both types of litter was similar in the first and second year of the study, but it rose three times in the pine chips substrate over the study period. Oribatid species in the litter substrates were dominated by the eurytopic Tectocepheus velatus, and the most abundant species in the pine chips substrate was Oribatula ...
