The worldwide production of waste tires (so called "end of life tires" - ELT) grows every year. The same situation is in the Czech Republic and in the countries of the European Union, but also in the world. Every year about 3.4 million tonnes of used tyres (part worn + end of life tyres) are generated in Europe, of which 3 million tonnes are either recycled or recovered. This amounts to approximately 300 million units. The composition and energy characteristics of tires are a signif-icant source of material, energy and also raw material. Calorific value tires ranges from approximately 25 to approximately 32 MJ • kg-1. The calorific value is comparable with conventional fossil fuels, which is due to the high proportion of hydrocarbons (over 75%). For these reasons, an alternative tire conventional fuels. The aim of the research is focused on the second part of product life cycle - the tire at the end of lifetime. The main possibilities of utilization of used up tires after end of their life are as follows: retreading, recycling (production of granulate), energy and material utilization in a cement factory, pyrolysis (production of pyrolytic products) and formerly used waste storing. Another objective of ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the biodegradability and biodegradation rates of ‘single-use' plastic bags available on the market and labeled as degradable/biodegradable. The test was carried out under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The project length was 20 months. The biodegradation results in the laboratory conditions demonstrate that none of the degradable/ biodegradable bags showed visual changes and/or were broken into pieces and none of them experienced any disintegration or degradation. The cellulose filter paper (CFP) completely degraded after 10 days in the aerobic conditions and after 5 month in the anaerobic conditions, implying that the conditions required for biodegradation to occur in a sampling environment were present.
...
The aim of this article was to present the rules governing the waste management system (WMS) and identify the changes emerging as a result of new regulations being introduced by example of Wołomin commune. European, Polish and Czech regulations clearly indicate the value of the hierarchy of waste management (WM). A response to the amended law was the modification of the WMS in communes, including the Wołomin commune. Based on performed analysis and discussions, it can be stated that the municipal waste management system (MWMS) in the commune of Wołomin meets the requirements imposed by the legislator, works efficiently and positively influences the condition of the natural environment. In addition, the information obtained has been generalized and compared with the situation in the Czech Republic (CR). ...
