The authors analyzed the legal regulations, technical and administrative proceedings held on the exclusion of agricultural and forest land from appropri-ate production. This allowed to identify not only the problems which arise during the implementation of act on the protection of agricultural and forest land, but proposals for their solution as well.The paper presents the current procedures related to the change in use of agricultural and forest land that are made in the local spatial plan. The reduction in the amount of agricultural land in Poland is also noted in the study. Another problem described in this work is the issue of identifying the classification con-tours boundaries when finishing investment process. The attention has also been paid to the synchronization of legislation on grounds and buildings cadastre and the law on the protection of agricultural and forest land.
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Legal status of a property disclosed in land and mortgage registers should, by definition, be consistent with the actual legal status. Unfortunately, the historical factors associated both with the foundation of the present land registry as well as the land and mortgage registry system, particularly in south-eastern Poland, often result in the absence of this conformity. Changing the real estate designation associated with the transition from cadastral parcels into record parcels during the establishment of records in the seventies of the twentieth century, and leaving, with essentially no change, designations in land registers have caused, and still continue to cause, a considerable confusion when setting land and mortgage register in its present form, or during regulation of the legal status of a property. Additionally, this process is made difficult by enfranchisement of a large part of the land under the 1971 Act on the regulation of farm ownership.The article presents the main legal and technical issues related to the prep-aration of synchronization lists, as the documents necessary to make entries in land and mortgage registers, or to regulate legal status of a property. The article introduces ways to solve these problems, at the same time indicating shortcomings of the current ...
Perpetual usufruct is a right in rem, which is intermediate between the ownership right and limited property rights. Land owned by the State Treasury or local government units may be subject to perpetual usufruct. The very institution of perpetual usufruct has been arousing much controversy lately. The focus is both on the right itself, as well as on the possibility of it being converted into ownership title, and even there are voices postulating the elimination of this right.The issues of transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct into ownership title is currently governed by the regulation of 29 July 2005 on the transformation of the perpetual usufruct right into the ownership title to real estate (Journal of Laws of 2012, item 83). The original content of this act, although covered in just ten articles, was formulated imprecisely, giving rise to extensive case law in this respect. The article examines the successive amendments to the aforementioned Act, pointing to significant changes regarding the subjects and objects of the restructuring proceedings, the authorities conducting the proceedings, as well as appeal bodies and the ways and rules for determining fees for the transformation of the perpetual usufruct into the ownership title. The last ...
Land covered by water is a special type of object in the register of land and buildings. It constitutes a separate usable land which covers: the land under internal sea water, the land under flowing surface water, and the land under still surface water. These examples of usable land do not exhaust the list of all the territories occupied by water. Agricultural land also includes land under ponds and land under ditches. The Water Law provides for a special procedure for determining the boundaries between the land under water and the neighboring land, different from the proceedings regulated by the Geodetic and Cartographic Law. However, in practice, the implementation of this procedure encounters problems due to imprecise regulations.This article analyzes in detail three proceedings regarding the delimitation of land covered with flowing surface water from neighboring land. In each of the cases, the proceedings are implemented in a slightly different manner. This allowed to identify gaps in the legislation regulating the determination of a shoreline, especially in the field of surveying. ...
The concept of real estate legal status has not been explicitly defined by the legislator. Despite this, the literature took the view that this is generally the rights and restrictions assigned to the property. To determine legal status one should determine first the entities which has rights to the property. For the purpose of determining the legal status of real estate, mortgage registers are established in Poland. Unfortunately, at this moment, a large part of the properties, particularly in rural locations do not have established mortgage registers. In the absence of mortgage registers other documents showing ownership of the property may be land ownership acts. For agricultural properties, they are sometimes the only documents on the basis of which one can specify the entities to which it has rights in rem to real estate, they are also the basis for founding the mortgage register.In recent years the number of new mortgage registers increased significantly in real estate of rural areas. The basis for establishing the mortgage register in addition to the documents confirming the acquisition of rights is also data shown in the Land and Property Register, which are the basis for determination of the property. Due to the fact ...
The article presents the methodology and manner of conducting bathymet-ric measurements carried out to calculate hydrological and bridge construction projects. Sample test field studies were conducted, inter alia, on rivers and inland reservoirs. The work included the elaboration of cross-sections of the river valley within the limits of the levees. The research methodology assumed integration of GNSS, bathymetry systems and in special cases the Total Station instruments. The paper presents examples of the results obtained during the research work at one of the southern Polish rivers.
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