The project presents a new concept of developing geodetic control and measurement networks on the basis of a double option solution which employs ASG-EUPOS active geodetic network. The concerned network has been established in the area affected by mining activities, within the territory of the city of Jastrzębie Zdrój. Points were distributed over the distance of 7070 m and formed a typical linear network. The proposed concept of measurement and observation development options made it possible to obtain average accuracy of the coordinates after levelling at 4,2 - 4,9 mm (option one) and 1,2 - 1,5 mm (the alternative option of the solution). Apart from the high accuracy of coordinate tracing, the proposed concept of setting up geodetic networks also offers another important advantage: a practical ability to get networked via the ASG-EUPOS network which is available on common basis and free of charge for the daily measurement activities.
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The project presents a new concept of developing geodetic control and measurement networks on the basis of a double option solution which employs ASG-EUPOS active geodetic network. The concerned network has been established in the area affected by mining activities, within the territory of the city of Jastrzębie Zdrój. Points were distributed over the distance of 7070 m and formed a typical linear network. The proposed concept of measurement and observation development options made it possible to obtain average accuracy of the coordinates after levelling at 4,2 - 4,9 mm (option one) and 1,2 - 1,5 mm (the alternative option of the solution). Apart from the high accuracy of coordinate tracing, the proposed concept of setting up geodetic networks also offers another important advantage: a practical ability to get networked via the ASG-EUPOS network which is available on common basis and free of charge for the daily measurement activities.
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Operation of the contemporary permanent GNSS reference station boils down to continuous recording of satellite signals with the set measurement interval at the point with precisely determined coordinates. The recorded observations are controlled, next they are processed and, at the next stage, they are made available to the interested users in the form of various services the basic task of which is to support satellite measurements carried out by means of different techniques and requiring various accuracy levels. KRUR permanent station constitutes an example of a local station making observations of GPS and GLONASS systems satellite signals. It started to operate on 1 November 2009 and it has been in continuous operation since then. The receiving antenna (GPS + GLONASS) is placed on an observation pillar built especially for that purpose in Building C at the Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Surveying of Agricultural University in Krakow. KRUR station is equipped with a multi-frequency and multi-system GPS and GLONASS signal receiver and Zephyr Geodetic 2 antenna. Measurements of satellite signals are made every 1 s. Owing to such continuity of satellite signal measurements, it was possible to set time coordinate series (sequences) with the resolution of 1 h. Such series ...
The paper presents results of test measurements conducted with the use of a manual receiver of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals adjusted to the reception of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) cor-rection signal which is theoretically to cover Europe and southern part of Africa with its range. However, it is known that Central and Eastern Europe lies on the border of EGNOS range and some parts of Poland have limited access to signals from this system. Test measurements were conducted on selected stationary points with the use of the receiver produced by Garmin GPSMAP 62s, equipped with MAZO GPS active outdoor aerial. During the measurements, spatial coordinates, their reliability, number of satellites received, time of measurement, accessibility of EGNOS signals were registered. Results of the conducted tests indicate broad possibilities of using manual receivers in measurements mainly for the needs of spatial measurement systems but not only. Yet the reliability of results depends on many factors and on keeping a specific measurement regime. ...
This paper presents the proposal of the methodology of elaborating static satellite observations executed when installing points of measurement control net-work from the moment of obtaining satellite observations from the receiver to gaining final coordinates in the currently mandatory frames of reference. It is an elementary geodetic task on which many works in the broad scope of activity depend (measurements, designs, execution of engineering objects, updating of maps, building spatial and geographic information systems). The elaboration of observations began with the processing of binary obser-vations directly from GNSS satellite receiver used for observations saved in a uni-versal format of Rinex files. At the second stage, the goal was to refer the executed control measurements to the uniform frames of reference. Observations were sup-plemented with data from referential stations of the ASG-EUPOS system. Then on the basis of post-processing, all satellite observations were processed for the rele-vant pairs of points and vectors of Cartesian coordinates (∆X, ∆Y, ∆Z) were cal-culated with errors in their designation. At the next stage, a detailed diagnosis of vectors was conducted for the actual quality evaluation of the obtained observation material in order to eliminate vectors burdened with large errors. Following these activities, vectors of GPS ...
The execution of tasks in the range of rural landscape protection and sha-ping, space management and planning requires relevant geographic information. At present, this information is collected in all kinds of databases and the key questions concern their topicality and usefulness. DGPS (Differential GPS) and RTK (Real Time Kinematic) satellite posi-tioning techniques are used for geodetic works and for collecting geo-spatial data for GIS systems. This paper presents the evaluation of the usefulness of the selected Mobile Mapper Topcon GMS-2 satellite receiver for the construction of databases for street furniture objects (shrines, roadside crosses, monuments, commemorative plaques, etc.). Research measurements were conducted in the right of way of national road no. 79 in the Kraków - Sandomierz section. It has been demonstrated in the paper that the applied DGPS technique allows for field location of objects in real time with the accuracy up to 1m. The result is the creation of the database of geographic data of the measured objects in Quantum GIS programme. The presented methodology has confirmed high usefulness of the proposed solution with the relatively low costs of measurement equipment. ...
The paper presents the method of testing the precision and accuracy of satellite measurements made with the Trimble NetR9 receiver model with a Zephyr Geodetic Model 2 antenna (TRM55971.00 TZGD), which was additionally equipped with a snow shield. The tests covered the results of static measurements in the form of geocentric coordinates XYZ, calculated with the automatic POZGEO service, operating under the ASG-EUPOS system. The observations were made in measuring sessions of 1h, 2h, and 3h. The statistical tests were conducted to check if the distributions of their errors correspond to normal distribution, which would determine the accuracy of the performed test calculations and measurements, and consequently the usefulness of the tested satellite receiver in geodetic surveys. The correctness tests of the executed measurements and calculations applied three statistical tests: the parametric test, the D' Kolmogorov statistic, and the V and V' Kuiper statistics. The conducted analyses and studies provided conclusions on the correctness of the survey and calculation results and the usefulness of the tested measurement system in the execution of various geodetic operations. ...
Lately we can see a very fast development of the satellite systems created mainly in order to raise the precision, compatibility and interoperation of satellite positioning. Besides functioning American GPS and Russian GLONASS other systems become, like for example Japanese: QZSS (Quazi- Zenith Satellite System), MSAS (Multifunction Augmentation Transport Satellites), Indian: IRNSS (Indian Radionavigation Satellite System), GAGAN (GPS and GEO Augmentation System), Chinese COMPAS, SNAS (Satellite Navigation Augmentation System) or Nigerian NIGCOMSAT (Nigerian Communications Satellite SBAS). The paper shows the results of measuring campaign carried out in Krakow (Poland) on a reference point with the aim to determine reliable accuracy of differential correction in one of SBAS systems - Satellite Based Augmentation System[Narkiewicz, 2003]. Testing control measurements were carried out using simple real-time DGPS procedure in the form of differential corrections from EGNOS system. Carried out detailed analysis of the results let us come to the conclusion, that GMS-2 receiver with EGNOS correction increases the real accuracy of positioningalong the X axis to 2.6m, along the Y axis to 2.1m and the height H to 3.1m. It could then be used to collect data for GIS with possibility of coordinates registration in different reference systems plus making photo documents. ...
The paper presents the problem of systematic influence of homogeneous environment on the results of precise azimuth and coordinates transferring in long geodetic networks for tunnels. A concept of exact solution of geodetic network for minimization of refraction effect as well as a calculation example is presented. The development of robotic total stations allows for effective refraction angles adjustment directly during measuring in tunnels. Innovative, group adjustment of traverse deviations in local geodetic network allows for reliable control of directional angles transferring. Results of the research and predictions of traverse displacement of coordinates in the elongated, local and unilateral tunnel networks are presented.
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Modern techniques related to the creation of topographic and cadastral plans of land areas are based on the use of digital data received as a result of aerial photography. This article discusses three core technological issues in the application of UAVs in topographic aerial photography connected to the stabilization of the UAV during the flight: maintenance of a constant speed, maintenance of a straight line of flight and the reduction of tilt. This article presents the results of a study of the aerial photography errors and describes the ways in which the latter can be addressed. ...
