The data on the yield of potatoes grown on very good and good wheat soil complex as well as very good and good rye soil complexes in 11 experimental stations of varieties evaluation in 1996-2005 were used in this paper. For the wheat and rye soil complexes models of medium early as well as and medium-late and late potato crop were constructed as regression functions (quadratic polynomial with interactions), in which the amount of precipitation in May-June and July-August were independent variables. Models were studied in the range of 75-175 mm precipitation in May-June, and 90-220 mm precipitation in July-August, which corresponds to the average ± standard deviation of these parameters.In all cases, July-August precipitation was the factor more strongly affecting the yield. For medium early potatoes grown on wheat soils the optimum for obtaining the highest yields proved to be the set of factor: low May-June precipi-tation (88 mm) appeared with high July-August precipitation (217 mm). The yield achieved under these conditions amounted to 594 dt•ha-1. Medium late and late potatoes grown on the same soil reacted similarly to water from rain - the optimum set of factors was: May-June precipitation - 76 mm and July-August - 220 mm, ...
On the basis of research done in the Department and literature data, indicesof optimal precipitation and water needs of selected crops (cereals, root plantsand papilionaceae) have been determined. It was found that both insufficient andexcessive precipitation affected yield adversely. It caused the following decreasesin yields: cereals 2-27 and 3-21%, potato 4-45 and 3-30%, sugar beetroot 2-43and 14-19%, fodder beet 16-73 and 8-28%, legumes 5-42 and 21-40%, and papilionaceae3-34%, respectively.Productivity of 1 mm water from precipitation was higher compared withproductivity induced by sprinkling. The calculated index of productivity for waterfrom sprinkling relative to water from precipitation was in the range 40-90%.Sprinkling increased the yield of winter wheat and spring barley by 20%,spring wheat by 25%, potato 47 and 55%, and sugar beet 10-40%. ...
Based on available literature, we collected and presented in tables the values of optimal precipitation (for some field-cultivated vegetables) which are still sometimes used in Poland. We also included a short summary of how they are defined and how the necessary corrections are introduced. Included optimal precipitation values have been developed by: Dzieżycet al., Grabarczyk, Klatt and Press. Therefore, it is possible to define (estimate) precipitation deficits for specific species of vegetables depending on the temperature or soil weight classification (light, medium, heavy) in various regions of Poland. By recognising optimal precipitation, we can plan, design or introduce irrigation and manage it. The formulas developed by Grabarczyk offer an additional possibility of calculating expected average increase (growth) of vegetable crops as a result of irrigation within various precipitation zones in Poland. ...
The objective of the study was the comparison of optimal precipitation and deficits of atmospheric precipitation in relation to millet cultivated in the region of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in the period 1975-2014. In the region of Wrocław water needs in millet cultivation were larger than in the region of Bydgoszcz. In the growing season (from May to August) they amounted to 253 mm and 242 mm respectively. July was the month when the largest water needs were observed - 74 and 72 mm respectively. It was also discovered that in the region of Wrocław the optimal amount of precipitation in the millet growing season (from May to August) systematically increased in subsequent decades, from 234 mm in the period 1975-1984 to 266 mm in the period 2005-2014. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the increasing trend of changes of that index in time was significant. Monthly deficits of precipitation in the millet growing season - both maximum and average - were in each case larger in the region of Bydgoszcz. The largest maximum and average insufficiencies of precipitation occurred in July. The frequency of occurrence of years with insufficient precipitation was also larger in each month in the region ...
The data on sugar beet yield were taken from Stations of Cultivar Assess-ment situated in south-west Poland. Using the method of multiple regression with interactions, models of root and leaf yield and sugar content percentage were con-structed, where the independent variables were precipitation total in the periods April-June and July-September or the number of days with rainfall in the stated periods. The optimum for obtaining highest yields of beetroots proved to be the set of factors: rainfall April-June 222 mm (the highest studied) and rainfall July-September 260 mm (a bit higher than average). As regards the number of days with rainfall, the optimum values were 35 days in the period IV-VI (values lower than average) and 50 days in VII-IX (value close to the maximal studied). The yield of roots was lowest with the lowest precipitation totals in both the periods (122 and 152 mm), and also when the highest number of days with rainfall in the spring season (46) was accompanied by low number of days with rainfall in the summer period (33). For the yield of leaves the best set of factors proved to be the maximum precipitation totals studied, both those of the spring and summer period ...
In the climatic conditions of Poland the temporary lack of rainfall during the vegetation season, influenced on the water deficits in the top soil level. This situation can effect on the height and quality of yields in particular years. There is estimated that in the - so called - Large Valleys Region the water deficiency ranged 200-300 mm. Production of cucurbit's vegetables in open field is strictly connected with thermal-rainfall conditions during the vegetation season. The optimal soil moisture is the very important factor for high and good quality yield. So, the production of the cucurbit plants should be connected with the irrigation installations. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of drip irrigation in cultivation of summer squash ‘Danka' under light soil conditions. The trials were conducted in the years 2004 - 2006 at the experimental field in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz - on a soil of rye weak complex. The plot area for harvest was 9,1 m2. The irrigation rates were done on the base of soil water potential according to tensiometer indications. The irrigation was started when the soil water tension was - 0,04 MPa. The fruits of the summer ...
The aim of the present research was to compare the water requirements of grapevine in the regions of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in the forty-year period between 1976 and 2015. In the research the authors used the mean monthly temperature values (°C) and monthly precipitation (mm) for the May-September period in the years 1976-2015. The meteorological data for the Bydgoszcz region was derived from standard meteorological measurements performed at the Experiment Station at Mochełek, and analysed at the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. The meteorological data for the Wrocław region were provided by the Swojec experiment station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The grapevine water requirements were determined as optimal precipitation assumed by Kemmer and Schulz. It has been found that the grapevine water requirements in 1976-2015, expressed as the optimal annual precipitation according to Kemmer and Schulz, were higher in the Wrocław region than in the Bydgoszcz region and they amounted to 469.3 mm and 435.8 mm, respectively. The grapevine water requirements in both regions in the forty-year period under study showed a growing tendency. A larger increase in grapevine water requirements (27.5-28.0 mm per ...
The aim of the paper was the comparison of sour cherry-tree water requirements in the regions of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in 1976-2015. The sour cherry-tree water requirements were determined for each year on the basis of air temperature in the period April - August for light soils, medium soils and heavy soils. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the period April - August in the region of Wrocław were higher than those in the Bydgoszcz region. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the Bydgoszcz region amounted 253 mm on the heavy soils, 316 mm on the medium soils and 379 mm on the light soils. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the Wrocław region amounted 261 mm, 326 mm and 391 mm, respectively. From among five months, July was characterized by the highest water requirements. The water requirements in July in the Bydgoszcz region amounted 65 mm on the heavy soils, 82 mm on the medium soils and 98 mm on the light soils. The water requirements in July in the Wrocław region were higher and amounted 67 mm, 84 mm and 101 mm, respectively. In the vegetation period (IV-VIII), the significant tendency to increase the water requirements of sour ...
