The aim of the present research has been an attempt at evaluating the water requirements of peach trees over 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region drawing on the forecast changes in temperature. The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the peach tree have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the forecast scenarios of changes in temperature, one should expect an increase in water requirements of the peach tree. Determined according to the Kemmer and Schulz method, the required optimal annual (January-December) precipitation will increase for peach from 486 mm to 612 mm (by 126 mm, which accounts for 26%). The optimal precipitation time variation trend equations show that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated based on the Kemmer and Schulz number, the ...
The aim of the present research has been an attempt at estimating the water requirements of sweet cherry tree in 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region drawing on the forecast temperature changes. The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the sweet cherry tree have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the forecast temperature change scenarios, one can expect an increase in the water requirements of the sweet cherry tree. Determined with the Kemmer and Schulz method, the required annual (January-December) optimal total precipitation will increase for the sweet cherry tree from 532 mm to 746 mm (by 214 mm, which accounts for 40%). The optimal precipitation trend equations show that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated with the Kemmer and Schulz number, ...
The aim of the present research has been an attempt at evaluating the water requirements of plum trees over 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region drawing on the forecast changes in temperature. The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the plum tree have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the forecast temperature change scenarios, one should expect an increase in the water requirements of the plum tree. The annual (January-December) optimal total precipitation determined according to the Kemmer and Schulz method will increase for the plum tree from 712 mm to 807 mm (by 95 mm, which accounts for 13%). The optimal precipitation trend equations show that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated, drawing on the Kemmer and Schulz number, the optimal ...
The aim of the present research has been an attempt at evaluating the water requirements of apple trees over 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region drawing on the forecast changes in temperature. The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the apple tree have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In the 2016-2050 period in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the temperature change scenarios, one could expect increased apple-tree water requirements. Determined with the Kemmer and Schulz method, the required annual (January-December) optimal precipitation will increase for the apple tree from 681 mm to 849 mm (by 168 mm, namely by 25 %). The optimal precipitation trend equations show that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated with the Kemmer and Schulz numbers, the optimal annual precipitation for the apple tree was ...
The aim of the present research has been an attempt at evaluating the water requirements of pear trees over 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region drawing on the forecast changes in temperature. The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the pear tree have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In the period 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the temperature change scenarios made, one should expect an increase in the water requirements of the pear tree. Determined with the Kemmer and Schulz method, the required optimal annual (January-December) precipitation will increase for the pear tree from 624 mm to 771 mm (by 147 mm, namely by 24 %). The optimal precipitation trend equations show that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated with the Kemmer and Schulz numbers, the optimal ...
The present research has aimed at estimating the water requirements of grapevine in 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region based on the anticipated temperature changes. . The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the grapevine have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In the 2016-2050 period in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the anticipated temperature change scenarios, one can expect increased grapevine water requirements. Determined with the Kemmer and Schulz method, the required optimal annual (January-December) precipitation will increase for the grapevine from 440 mm to 576 mm (by 136 mm, namely by 31 %). The optimal precipitation trend equations demonstrate that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated with the Kemmer and Schulz, the optimal annual precipitation was increasing in grapevine in each pentad by 2.2-2.6 mm. In the forecast ...
The aim of the present research was to compare the water requirements of grapevine in the regions of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in the forty-year period between 1976 and 2015. In the research the authors used the mean monthly temperature values (°C) and monthly precipitation (mm) for the May-September period in the years 1976-2015. The meteorological data for the Bydgoszcz region was derived from standard meteorological measurements performed at the Experiment Station at Mochełek, and analysed at the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. The meteorological data for the Wrocław region were provided by the Swojec experiment station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The grapevine water requirements were determined as optimal precipitation assumed by Kemmer and Schulz. It has been found that the grapevine water requirements in 1976-2015, expressed as the optimal annual precipitation according to Kemmer and Schulz, were higher in the Wrocław region than in the Bydgoszcz region and they amounted to 469.3 mm and 435.8 mm, respectively. The grapevine water requirements in both regions in the forty-year period under study showed a growing tendency. A larger increase in grapevine water requirements (27.5-28.0 mm per ...
The aim of the paper was the comparison of sour cherry-tree water requirements in the regions of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in 1976-2015. The sour cherry-tree water requirements were determined for each year on the basis of air temperature in the period April - August for light soils, medium soils and heavy soils. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the period April - August in the region of Wrocław were higher than those in the Bydgoszcz region. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the Bydgoszcz region amounted 253 mm on the heavy soils, 316 mm on the medium soils and 379 mm on the light soils. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the Wrocław region amounted 261 mm, 326 mm and 391 mm, respectively. From among five months, July was characterized by the highest water requirements. The water requirements in July in the Bydgoszcz region amounted 65 mm on the heavy soils, 82 mm on the medium soils and 98 mm on the light soils. The water requirements in July in the Wrocław region were higher and amounted 67 mm, 84 mm and 101 mm, respectively. In the vegetation period (IV-VIII), the significant tendency to increase the water requirements of sour ...
The influence of drip irrigation and the three ways of seedling production on the yields of watermelon cv. ‘Bingo’ was determined in field experiments carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first factor – drip irrigation, was used in the two following treatments: O – without irrigation (control), K – drip irriga-tion according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second factor was the light used during the seedling production: S – sunny light (greenhouse, control), N – artificial blue light, D – artificial daylight. It was found that the drip irriga-tion significantly increased marketable fruit yield by 27,5 t.ha-1 i.e. by 156%. Yields of plants from seedlings produced under conditions of sunny light in green-house (control) – treatment (S), were significantly higher than those obtained on other variants. Significant interaction was occurred between two investigated fac-tors in the marketable yield-creation. Plants from seedlings produced under con-ditions of the sunny light in greenhouse (control) – treatment (S) and grown under drip irrigation, were characterized by significantly higher yields which amounted - on the ...
The aim of this study was the effect of the subsurface drip irrigation with nitrogen fertilization chosen asparagus cultivars on the occurrence of asparagus beetles.The field experiment was carried out in two consecutive years (2009-2010) at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiment was conducted in a rando-mized block design of a two-factorial system with four replications. The first tested factor was irrigation in two following variants: non-irrigated plots (control) with hand sowing nitrogen fertilizer and subsurface drip irrigated plots with nitrogen fertigation. The second factor was associated with asparagus cultivars: 5 from USA: Apollo, Atlas, UC-157, Grande and Purple Passion, and 3 from Germany: Ramada, Rapsody and Ravel. The number of adults and larvae of both asparagus beetles was observed on every single plot area; three times during the vegetation period from July to August (beginning from the first decade of July and continuing every third week). The harvest plot area was 14,7 m2 (20 plants x 0,35m x 2,1m).The adults and larvae of twelve-spotted asparagus beetles were more nu-merous than common asparagus beetles on tested asparagus cultivars. The adults of twelve-spotted asparagus beetles prefered subsurface drip irrigation asparagus plants: Atlas, UC-157, Grande and Rapsody, than non-irrigated plants of these ...
The effect of drip fertigation and the two ways of seedling production on the yields of cv. ‘Bingo' was determined in the field experiment carried out in the year 2008 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor - drip fertigation, was used in the two following treatments: KP - drip irrigation + standard N-fertilization (control),KF - drip irrigation + N-fertigation 3 times during the vegetation season. Fertiga-tion was conducted with the use of proportional mixing dispenser. The second row factor was the light used during the seedling production: S - sunny light (greenhouse, control), F - artificial light - fitotron (lamps). It was found that the fertigation significantly increased marketable fruit yield from 40,1 to 51,0 t.ha-1 (by 10,9 t.ha-1 i.e. by 27 %). Yields of plants from seedlings produced under conditions of sunny light in greenhouse (control) - treatment (S)(48,1 t .ha-1), were signifi-cantly higher than those obtained from seedlings produced in fitotron under artifi-cial light (43,0 t .ha-1). The highest yields (56,0 t .ha-1) were obtained from plants from seedlings produced in greenhouse grown ...
The response of the three romaine lettuce cultivars to nitrogen fertigation by drip system was investigated in the field experiment carried out in 2009-2010 on the very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The trial was established as one-factorial trial with four replications. The studied factor was cultivar: ‘Barracuda', ‘Chiquina' i ‘Romora'. Fertigation was conducted with the use of proportional mixing dispenser. The use of drip irrigation connected with nitrogen fertigation enabled the proper growth and development as well as valuable yielding of plants on the very light soil, in the region of low rainfall amounts during the vegetation period. From among the three cultivars tested, ‘Barracuda' was cha-racterized by the highest: yield, head weight and dry matter content. The influence of drip irrigation
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Field experiments were conducted in 2011 on the very light soil in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. Responses of the three romaine lettuce cultivars grown in spring and autumn to nitrogen fertigation by drip system were compared. Experiments were established as two-factorial trials, four times replicated. The experimental factors were: nitrogen dose of fertigation (25 kg N•ha-1, 50 kg N•ha-1), cultivars (‘Barracuda', ‘Chiquina', ‘Romora'). Fertigation was conducted with the usage of proportional mixing dispenser. Higher marketable yield of romaine lettuce cultivars was noted in spring cultivation. Increased nitrogen dose (from 25 kg N•ha-1 to 50 kg N•ha-1) significantly increased marketable yield of lettuce. From among the tested cultivars, ‘Romora' was characterized by the higher yield in spring cultivation whereas ‘Barracuda' - in autumn. ‘Chiquina' was characterized by the lowest yield. The higher weight of a single lettuce head was noted in spring cultivation. The higher nitrogen dose significantly increased the single lettuce head. The highest single lettuce head was noted in case of ‘Barracuda'. On average for cultivars tested, the higher nitrogen dose caused the decrease of dry matter content in leaves of lettuce grown in spring time, and in case of autumn cultivation this tendency was opposite - the higher ...
