Council Directive EU 1999/31/ES “about landfills“ orders to member sates to decrease the volume of disposaled bio-degradabled wastes (BDW). Part of these wastes will be composted, part of them will be used by an anaerobic treatment in a biogas station. Due to capital intensity of project and building of biogas station it is necessary to consider a lot of elements, such as economic conditions and possibilities of investment grant obtaining, quality, availability and quantity of input raw material, technology and especially functional tenability contingeted by product sale. Biogas stations are modular machinery. There exist lots of technology equipment for various projects from transport of input raw material logistic through type, number and capacity of fermenters, system of operations control to output product utilization. The biogas station does not stink with correct project, realization and operation and it offers stable output and production of biogas and rest after digestion that is after aerobic stabilizing applicable as a fertilizer. ...
Landfill gas generation is an associated event of pursuit of a landfill that is projected to a large volume of biologically decomposable waste depositing. Calculation methods of landfill gas generation are extremely complicated and it is difficult to find enough truthful input data. That is why the authors tried to compare the waste quantity balance and measured methane concentration. ...
Cemetery waste is specific due to its material composition and due to its small quantity (approximately 1,100 tonnes from the 11 cemeteries in Brno in 2009). It is necessary to know the waste material composition to find the best way of its treatment and utilization. Therefore an advanced analysis of cemetery waste material composition has been carried out.Samples were analyzed in 2009 and 2010. In 2009 samples were analyzed due its biodegradation and in 2010the analyze was advanced to assessment of combustible and incombustible fractions.The amount of non-biodegradable fraction of cemetery waste is about 23 %weight that is too much for waste composting. The amount of combustible part of non-biodegradable fraction is about 73 %weight. The combustible part of non-biodegradable fraction consist of plastic and paraffin parts, the incombustible part of non-biodegradable fraction consist of glass and metal parts. Unsorted cemetery waste (including biodegradable fraction that is combustible) consist of 94 %weight combustible parts.
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An analysis of sorted biodegradable municipal waste composition was car-ried out. By repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 200 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 2098 kg) it was found that the undesirable impurities rate of sorted waste varies from 1 to 9% of weight (from 1 to 11.5% of volume). It is operationally difficult to separate biodegradable matter from non-biodegradable materials. If the quality of waste sorting does not increase, there will be possible just landfilling of sorted waste. It is consider on Biopas company workers whether it is possible and appropriate the energy utilization of sorted waste.
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An analysis of sorted biodegradable municipal waste composition was car-ried out. By repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 200 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 2098 kg) it was found that the undesirable impurities rate of sorted waste varies from 1 to 9% of weight (from 1 to 11.5% of volume). It is operationally difficult to separate biodegradable matter from non-biodegradable materials. If the quality of waste sorting does not increase, there will be possible just landfilling of sorted waste. It is consider on Biopas company workers whether it is possible and appropriate the energy utilization of sorted waste.
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The article mentions results from changes of physical properties of com-posted material during the composting process. Composting conditions in compost pile were simulated in five vessels with volume of 90 m3 under home conditions. Composted material was variously modified (mixing and turning, moistening, add-ing fresh material) during the composting process. Temperature and oxygen con-centration inside vessels were measured, as well as reduction in volume of compost material during time, pH and electric conductivity of selected compost. It appeared that the temperature of the compost material in small volume in the compost pile was lower than the requirement for hygienization of the composted material. The temperature higher than 50°C was measured only sporadically and already during the first week of the experiment temperatures inside the vessels corresponded with outside temperatures. Oxygen concentration in all vessels was sufficient to ensure the aerobic process during the entire period of the experiment. The lowest measured oxygen concentration was higher than 10 %. These low values were measured only during the first week of the experiment, during the following weeks the oxygen concen-trations exceeded 15% only with small exceptions. Reduction in volume of the composted material highly depended on whether the compost material was ...
The paper presents results of the experiment focused on the establishment of cemetery waste weight changes in time depending on the way of collection. The cemetery waste samples were collected at the Brno Central Cemetery and at the Brno-Lisen Cemetery. The samples were stored in an open area and in closed containers (composteiners).Weight of the cemetery waste samples was measured at week intervals for seven months (the end of April - the end of November). The amount of rainfall was measured as well.During these seven months of the experiment the cemetery waste weight was reduced to almost 71 % on average of initial weight but the weight of the samples was stabilized after three months and further sample weight changes were only minor. The rainfall influence tothe waste weight was just temporary. ...
This article is focused on the problematics of compost oversize fraction composition. The main aim was to determine the ratio of woodchips in oversize fraction of sieved compost for its further energy utilization. Ten compost oversize fraction samples of the weight of 100 kg (each sample) were collected at Central Compost Plant Brno in the period from 10.11.2014 to 20.3.2015. The samples were manually sorted to four fractions: 1) soil, 2) wood, 3) minerals, 4) other parts. The fraction analysis revealed that more than 70% of oversize compost fraction consist of soil while the ratio of woodchips is less than 14% only. The ratio of minerals and other parts is less than 10% or 5% respectively. ...
Animated 3D training software is an innovative tool describing the dismantling process step by step for 50 most common electrical appliances. The tool is intended for two groups of WEEE reuse and recycling industry workers: low skilled workers (including non-native, disabled or marginalized workers) and corporate management personnel. Using a combination of a popular game engine (Unity3D), C# and JavaScript code, and external calls to web services, 3D representations of the WEEEs and their parts become manageable through a WEB 3D CMS. All the information that is connected to the 3D Objects is dynamically set by content authors. Multilingualism is another key feature of the platform. There is a tool to easily translate all the content of the application to the preferred language online. This technology will produce Virtual Scenarios with a crucial advantage: a ‘content author' will be able to modify or replicate them, create new scenarios, combine knowledge from existing one, present differences between the same type of devices, model their parts and materials with the help of ontology on WEEE. The tool will be available from the Internet in seven languages (English, German, French, Czech, Greek, Romanian and Slovenian) and the basic version will be free of ...
Statistical data of household waste management and relevant data found by one year long direct survey at five households were compared. While the composition of residual (mixed) household waste is determined by sieve analysis and manual aftersorting to predetermined groups (and the material composition of waste that passes through a sieve mesh of 8x8 mm openings is not detected by this analysis), during the direct survey in households all the household waste is sorted to predetermined groups. Official information systems report that average total amount of household waste is 301 kg per person and just less than 4 % of it is sorted to usable fractions. The direct survey shows that avarage total amount of household waste is just 164 kg per person and it is possible to sort 63 % of it. ...
The aim of the present study was to assess the vermicomposting process in a household vericpomoster as a way of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) treatment. Household bio-waste of fruit, vegetableand indoor plants origin was composted at vertical continuous feeding vermireactor for almost two years. The vermicomposter contains four boxes placed above each other; the capacity of each box was 15 dm3. Only oncea box has been filled, the waste was inserted into the following box. The dynamics of parameters pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored in time. Values of pH were not modified significantly during vermicomposting and fell into the value range 6-8 as required for composts. The values of EC in case of boxes 1 and 2 were initially relatively low (4-5 mS·cm-1) corresponding to the values of home composts while the initial value of EC of box 3 and later values of boxes 1 and 2 (7-9 mS.cm-1) corresponding to the values of industrial composts. The gradual addition of bio-waste, 12-15 kg of raw bio-waste can be composted in one box. The results of the study have shown that the use of a home vermicomposter is a viable way for OFMSW treatment. ...
Vermicomposting is a completely environmentally friendly technology that converts biodegradable waste into a value-added vermicompost. The vermicomposting technology can also be utilized for generating a bioliquid termed as vermiwash. In case of vermicomposting in vertical continuous feeding vermireactor (VermiHut Worm Bin), the vermiwash can be collected separately in the lowest part of vermireactor. Then the vermiwash can be used as a liquid fertilizer.The aim of the presented study was to assess the phytotoxicity of vermiwash depending on its concentration. To assess the phytotoxicity levels of the vermiwash, the germination index (GI) was calculated according to the certified methodology (the watercress assay). Within the pilot research, the certified methodology was verified and then optimized. ...
Utilization of geographic information systems (GIS) for the erosion vulnerability analysis of agricultural land is shown on the example of Luh stream catchment, Czech Republic, district of Vysočina. Evaluation of soil erosion conditions according to the Universal soil loss equation (USLE) was done in ArcGIS 10 Desktop, software product of ArcInfo using a set of integrated software applications ArcMap, ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox user interface with LS-converter and USLE2D programs. The project of erosion control measures and evaluation of their effect on the erosion were parts of the analyses. Erosion control crop rotations with soil protective technologies, that change the value of cover-management factor, were used as erosion control measures. ...
The duty of each municipality in Poland is to set up a stationary Municipal Solid Waste Collection Points (MSWCP). These facilities are a new element of municipal solid waste management system, known in European countries as: "household waste recycling center". The lack of this type of municipal solid waste management infrastructure in many Polish communes or the existence of MSWCPs in the mobile version contributes to the emergence of wild dumps, and also don't allow the increase of the levels of recycling and reuse of some groups of waste.The environmental impact assessment of five existing MSWCPs in one of the poviats of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship was compared in article. The location, functioning and equipment of these facilities were assessed. The RIAM (Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix) method was used for the environmental impact analysis. From among the analyzed MSWCPs, two received a positive assessment, while 3 objects should be close down or completely modernized. ...
