Biała Lądecka (51,8 km) is the right-side tributary of Nysa Kłodzka, and these two rivers together with Bystrzyca, Bystrzyca Dusznicka and Jaszkówka create the main network of the part of catchment of Nysa Kłodzka located in the region of Ziemia Kłodzka. The river is supplied by mountain streams, which results in violent reactions to short-term, stormy rainfalls. The rain depth during the flood in 1997, from the 5th to the 8th of July, in the catchment of Biała Lądecka was 350 mm. When soil retention capacity is fully used, the water rise in this area lasts usually for a few hours from the moment of beginning of rainfall, and the rate of water flow is so high that the masses of flowing water often cause damages to the river valley. Due to the strong tendency to develop the valley of Biała Lądecka, the damages in this area are increasing. In recent years, over ten bankful flows and floods that occurred in the analyzed area have caused significant damage and changes in the river bed and valley - including permanent taking of land plots by flowing water.This study discusses the geodetic and legal aspects related to land plots taken by flowing ...
The idea of the ecological engineering appeared in the 1960 s. Using this term, Howard T. Odum understands the use of natural processes for both humanity and ecosystems benefits. The Odum brothers discovered that the boundary of ecological engineering systems includes the ecosystems that self organize to fit with technology, whereas environmental engineering designs normally stop at the end of the pipe. The paper presents not only the evolution of ecological engineering definition from the point of view of ecological and technical engineering and in the world, european and polish context, but also the progress of this new discipline and application fields. ...
