The character of development of rural settlement units imposes the need for searching each time for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One may take into account household (local) treatment plants as well as the treatment plants that serve several or dozen households located close to one another within the compact, dispersed or open development. During this process one should not overlook the necessity for building collective wastewater treatment plants which consist one of the elements of collective sewerage system. The article presents technological, technical and economical aspects of the above-mentioned solutions which allow to choose optimal solutions for specified size and development of rural settlement units. Apart from its scientific character, the paper has also applicable value as it enhances decisions about choosing proper solutions of wastewater sewage systems at rural areas. ...
The volume of sludge produced in household wastewater treatment plants depends on sewage treatment methods. Other volume of sludge is produced in household treatment plants and another - in collective wastewater treatment plants. In the latter case, the type of technological system related only to the removal of compounds of organic carbon or to the removal of additional compounds of nitrogen and phosphorous are also of concern. The identification of volume of sludge that is being produced is very important from the point of view of its use. In accordance with the current law, the sludge can be used in agriculture or for reclamation of terrains designed for agricultural or non-agricultural purposes. Regardless of the way these terrains will be used, it is indispensable to dewater them and in many cases - also to disinfect them. And there the questions of how to resolve the problem of sludge’s dewatering emerges. First of all, should it be solved within the household sewage treatment plant or within the municipal sewage treatment plant located in the neighbourhood? In the case of the former, one can take into account either the dewater and bags system or fully mechanical facilities. ...
