The object of the study was the thermal conditions in the southern part of the Krakowsko-Częstochowska Upland. The analysis of the influence of synoptic situations on the value of air temperature deviation from perennial mean. Recent studies more often analyze standard meteorological elements as well as synoptic situations which are characterized by specific spacious pressure distribution and the direction of air mass. Atmospheric circulation in comparison to geographical factors of climate is a process variable in time. Therefore the studies which aim to describe differen-tiation of the climate elements in current synoptic situations are so important. The types of synoptic situations described by T. Niedzwiedz were used for the Upper Vistula River Basin. Also the results of the air temperature observations carried from 1991 to 2005 at the meteorological stations in Kraków-Balice, Gar-lica Murowana and Ojców. The stations represent the most typical forms of the area i.e. flattened val-ley (Kraków-Balice), hill (Garlica Murowana) and deep valley (Ojców). The research showed that in the study area anticyclonic situations (56%) occurred more often than cyclonic situations (44%). The most frequent situations were: Ka (13,%), Bc (11,8%), Wa (9,5%) and Wc (8,7%). The least frequent were: Ec (1,3%), Cc (0,7%) and X (1,7%) ...
The aim of the study was the characteristics of thermal-precipitation conditions in the Opole voivodeship on the basis of mean monthly air temperature, and precipitation values from the 1981-2010 period from the Łosiów, Stare Olesno, Opole, and Głubczyce weather stations. Basic statistical characteristics of the thermal-precipitation conditions were calculated. They were mean monthly, and annual air temperature, and precipitation values over the 30-year period, standard temperature deviations, and precipitation variability coefficients. It was also studied whether there were trends of change as far as temperature, and precipitation were concerned. In addition, the dates of the beginning, and end of thermal periods, as well as their lengths were determined. The determined periods were: thermal winter, the economic period, vegetation period, intense vegetation period, and ripening period, corresponding to the period of thermal summer. During the last stage of study, dryness indicator A was calculated. On the basis of the calculations carried out, it was stated, that in the Opole voivodship the mean annual air temperature ranged from 8.0ºC, and 9.1ºC, and in the case of two towns it increased significantly. A significant increase in monthly temperature was also observed in April, and in the summer months. The increase in temperature translated ...
The paper presents temporal and spatial differentiation of monthly and annual sums of atmospheric precipitation at three stations located in Cracow’s surroundings along a longitudinal profile: Garlica Murowana (representing the Cracow- Częstochowa Upland), Cracow-Botanical Garden (in the Vistula river valley) and Gaik-Brzezowa (in the Wieliczka Foothills, a part of the Carpathian Foothills), in the years 1971-2005. In summer, the precipitation was by 20% higher in Gaik-Brzezowa and in winter by 25% lower in Garlica than at other two stations. The highest mean annual precipitation sum was characteristic for Gaik: 747.5 mm (Table 1). The largest variability is typical for the precipitation in Garlica, especially in cold half-year (Figure 1). The highest annual precipitation sums were noted in 2001 in Garlica (865.2 mm) and Cracow (845.9 mm) and in 1974 in Gaik (1178.7 mm), while the lowest annual sums occurred everywhere in 1993 (446.1, 482 and 524.8 mm, respectively). The precipitation sums show large inter-annual variability, high irregularity and lack of any clear tendency (Table 2, Figure 2). Mean annual number of days with precipitation reached 132 mm in Garlica, 168 mm in Gaik and 216.4 mm in Cracow but in case of the days with daily precipitation sum ≥5 mm ...
The aim of the undertaken research was an evaluation of the frequency of the dry and the wet months in the Opole Voivodeship in the months of May to September in1981-2010 years, in the view of the global warming. The dry and the wet months were characterized on the basis of hydrothermal index K, thermo-precipitation index A, standardized precipitation index SPI and the amount of the precipitation deficiencies and excesses of the late potato. The attempt of answering the question which of these indexes describe the moisture conditions of the vegetative season the best were undertaken.It was proved that the average frequency of months, in which the different level of draught's intensity was observed, was equal to 25% on the basis of the thermo-precipitation index A, 35% standardized precipitation index SPI, 36% hydrothermal index K, and 34% on the basis of the deficiencies precipitation amount. The average frequency of the wet months were counted to all four indexes and the values were: 23% on the basis of the thermo-precipitation index A, 23% standardized precipitation index SPI, 16% hydrothermal index K, and 29% on the basis of the deficiencies precipitation amount. The dependence between the four indexes and the yield of ...
