The subject of paper is an analysis of selected commune capability for investment outlays realization. The Wiśniowa commune situated in the malopolskie province was selected for the investigations. The analysis used indices showing relationships between financial values constituting components of the territorial self government unit budget. In result of the analysis concerning the years 2002-2004 a number of facts were established which speak well of potential financing investment outlays by the commune. Particularly the operational surplus assumed positive value which means that sums obtained from returnable sources were wholly destined for financing investment outlays, moreover the operational surplus itself might also be allocated for their financing. Total means which could be assigned for financing investment tasks and debt service were growing, as testified by an increase in free asset index, which increased from 15.84% to 21.43%. Operational surplus index was characterized by a much greater variability and although its decline from 11.21% to 2.65% was observed, yet it still revealed positive value and in this way contributed to the increase in means for investment outlays financing. Indices of investment outlays realization revealed a growing tendency in the studied period. Investment expenditure grew over twice in comparison ...
The article concerns selected aspects of municipality risk in investment activity realized as public private partnerships. Two aspects of partnership connected with risk were addressed. Firstly, it was emphasized that this form of cooperation is connected with transfer of risk from the municipality to a private entity. Secondly, it was pointed that in result of the municipality accession to the public-private partnership new areas of risk appear, so far unknown (without this type of cooperation) or assuming a different character. The proportions of municipal investment risk division between partners depend on the form of partnership. Once the private partner becomes more involved in various aspects of the whole investment project, various areas of risk are transferred to him by the public entity. Therefore, the transferred responsibility with the accompanying risk concerns design and construction works, acquiring sources of finances for the investment and its modernization, but also for providing services based on the infrastructure created. At the moment when such close cooperation is initiated and a private entity joins the sphere of public services, new risk appears in the municipality. It has a characteristic feature, i.e. it can be mostly avoided if all tendering procedures are carried out properly and ...
The article discusses development of rural technical infrastructure elements with particular regard to water supply infrastructure and sanitation. Addressed were the issues of financing this type of investments and the limit of financial means from the European Union funds utilization for these purposes. Financial means provided by the European Union have been utilized to various degree for financing investments in rural water supply and sanitation infrastructure in various provinces. In 2005 the community means constituted in Poland 20.7% of the total expenditure on financing this type of investments. The greatest share was registered in the świętokrzyskie (37.6%), lubuskie (36.5%) and warmińsko-mazurskie (35.5%) provinces, whereas the lowest in the mazowieckie and opolskie provinces (10% in each) and in the pomorskie (11.1%). Considering rural water supply systems in 2005, podlaskie province proved the most active, lubuskie province invested most in the collective sewer systems, whereas the podkarpackie province in collective sewage treatment plants. The share of the European Union funds in the expenditure on household sewage treatment plants and municipal landfill sites remains on a marginal level. The European Union Programmes aiming at supporting technical infrastructure development in rural areas, to a great extent responded to these areas needs concerning investment outlays ...
The subject of the article is the structure of infrastructural facilities in the rural areas of the śląskie province. The infrastructure is composed of many elements which are facilities of the area technical infrastructure, however due to the confined space, the article focuses only on four selected elements of the infrastructure , i.e. on water supply system, sewer system, gas grid and road network. The paper aims at presenting the typology of infrastructure in rural areas of the śląskie province. The analysis was conducted on the scale of communes. The article comprises exclusively the ninety six rural communes in the province (ruralurban communes were not considered because of unavailability of data on their exclusively rural part). The level of the selected four elements of the infrastructure was assessed on the basis of the statistical data as of the end of 2004 and 2005. The studies were conducted using taxonomic method of structure analysis, i.e. Ward’s method and center of gravity method. These methods allow for grouping the analyzed objects by different means in order to confront the correctness of the realized typologization. Owing to the applied methods and basing on their similarities concerning the structure of infrastructural facilities, groups of ...
The article addresses the issue of dwellers’ share in financing tasks real-ized by communes. Attention was focused particularly on potential use of self-imposed taxation of the commune dwellers and providing the rules of their volun-tary participation in the costs of the enterprise. The Author analyzed the theoreti-cal problem of self-imposed taxation and presented a review of judicial decisions made by the administrative courts whether the resolutions concerning the local communities voluntary financial involvement were taken by the local government in compliance with the law. The article aimed at recognizing selected issues associated with the dwell-ers’ voluntary participation in realization of the communal tasks, particularly those in the area of natural environment protection. The means acquired through obligation to make payments for their commune, assumed voluntarily by the com-mune dwellers is a difficult problem and the difficulty involves not only meeting the formal and legal requirements. The analysis of cases of waste management costs co-financing by the commune inhabitants, or constructing the infrastructure elements for environmental protection allows for a conclusion that the commune authorities approach the problem wrongly and act contrary to the legal provisions trying to introduce obligation instead of creating a climate favouring the endeav-ours through shaping ...
The goal of the article is an assessment of changes in spatial management of the rural areas in the Śląskie Voivodeship (Upper Silesia Region). The assess-ment covered both the level of infrastructural organization in general and its indi-vidual components, however the research specially focused on water supply and sewerage system, gas grid and road network. Analyzed were all rural communes of the Śląskie Voivodeship in the years 2004-2008.Conducted analysis revealed significant changes both in the level and structure of the analysed phenomenon. An average level of infrastructural organi-zation was growing during the whole analysed period. The level of individual components of infrastructure development in the area was also growing, however the rate of density indicator growth computed for each of them was different.From year to year the structure of infrastructure development was under-going increasingly smaller transformations but the exception was the final ana-lyzed year 2008. The most serious changes in the structure of the investigated area were observed regarding the sewerage system, lesser changes were evident for wa-ter supply system and the least concerned gas grid.In conclusion it should be said that despite the increase in average level of infrastructure development in rural communes of the Śląskie Voivodeship in 2004-2008, ...
The article aims at identification and assessment of the extent to which rural communes in Poland participate in financing environmental protection investments. Investments in the natural environment protection are the subject of the paper. The analysis addresses particularly the issue of their financing, especially funding from budgetary means of rural communes with regard to territorial division into provinces. Secondary sources of information for the years 2004-2009 were used in the investigations.Among the sources of funding for environmental protection investments, the most important are own means covering almost half of the outlays on fixed assets for the natural environmental protection. Expenses from communes' budgets are of marginal importance for the structure of environmental protection funding. Communes' investment expenditure focuses almost exclusively on wastewater management, water protection and waste management.Rural communes financed 20.3% of the total environmental investment outlays realized by all communes. Environmental protection (together with public utilities) are on the second position among the investment objectives of rural communes. The largest scale of investment expenditure on the environmental pro-tection in 2009 was registered in the Podkarpackie province, where rural communes financed about 20% of investment outlays in this field made by all rural communes in Poland total.Tangible effects of the ...
The subject of the article is the availability of technical infrastructure equipment in rural areas. Analysed were both the availability of technical infra-structure facilities and the tendencies of development in this area. Spatial analysis covered rural areas in Poland per provinces in the years 2003-2010. The studies comprised the following elements of infrastructure: water-pipe network, sewerage network, gas grid and road network, as well as individual and collective sewage treatment plants. For the sake of the article, which aims at the assessment of the level of technical infrastructure development in rural areas of Poland in spatial and time arrangement, the author applied methods of statistical multidimensional analysis using a construction of synthetic measure.The results of analysis obtained in the work greatly confirm commonly known situation of rural areas in Poland. However, it is worth noticing, that despite the intense investment activities undertaken by local self-governments and noticeable improvement in the technical infrastructure facilities availability, interregional differences are diminishing only slightly. On the basis of the joint assessment, in 2010 the highest level of the technical infrastructure facilities availability in rural areas was noted in the Małopolskie and the lowest in the Lubuskie province. ...
Risk is an inseparable part of all economic processes and occurs in connection with the current functioning of the commune and its development, regardless of the direction and the dominant factor of local development. The subject of the book is the risk in the development of the tourist commune, i.e. the risk that potentially affects the possibility of achieving the objectives undertaken by the commune in connection with the development of tourism, creating a territorial tourist brand and using tourism as a factor of local development. Taking up the tourist development direction by the commune authorities is associated with the possibility of specific risk categories that would otherwise not exist. The materialization of this risk has an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the planned activities. The aim of the conducted research was to identify the risk category associated with implementation of tasks in the field of tourism by the commune, and in particular with the creation and functioning of the communal branded tourist product, when activities in this direction are undertaken to use tourism as a factor of local development. The main objective also included the construction of such risk's models together with the development of indications of ...
