Determined were the volume of river sediment captured in a water reservoir at Wilcza Wola on the Łęg river. The water reservoir with 3.86 mln m3 capacity was put into operation in 1989. Silting measurements were performed after 10, 13 and 14 years of operation. Computed reservoir silting ratio were respectively: 13.08%, 15.79% and 16.20%. Samples of bottom deposits were collected to determine their physical and chemical properties. Determining of heavy metal concentrations may provide a basis for the sediment quality assessment and their potential applications in the environment after extracting from the reservoir bottom. Contents of harmful substances assessed in the sediments were compared with limit values permissible by the decrees of the Minister of Natural Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry guidelines and criteria suggested in the foreign literature of the subject. The sediments from the water reservoir at Wilcza Wola are characterized by a low content of heavy metals. According to the Decree on soil quality standards [Joural of Laws, No.65, item 1359] none of the values established for the studied elements were exceeded. According to German guidelines threshold values of heavy metal concentrations in bottom deposits are between twice and thrice higher than those obtained in ...
In result of considerably diminished retention abilities of catchment area as well of river and stream inundation areas, increased high water flows occurred, particularly in the watercourse mouth sections. It poses a considerable flood hazard for the urbanized areas. Registered flood of July 1977 and June 2001 caused by high waters confirmed significant flood hazard in the areas of Carpathian tributaries of the Vistula River. In the Carpathian Foothills area, because of high water culmination times are shorter, watercourse regulation in closely built-up areas is necessary. Strong urbanization of the riverbank terrains resulting from historical location of towns gives no possibility to design riverbed in character close to natural. One of the main solutions, which is the most frequently applied and guarantees conducting high water flows is heavy consolidation of bed constructed in a shape of a trough. An example of this type of regulation is applied the mouth section of the Naściszówka stream. The Naściszówka inflow to the Łubinka river is situated in the Nowy Sącz city area. The streambed runs along Barska street. The adjacent terrain is characterised by a close urban building. The trough discharge capacity was assessed. According to the design guidelines in „Mountain stream consolidation”, ...
The paper presents current technical state of the weir and its impact on the conditions of high water flow. Fixed weir at 37+300 km on the River Uszwica situated at Brzesko town has been the investigated object. The spillway of the weir was modeled according to Creager curve. A water intake for the nearby Okocim Brewery owned by Carlsberg company is situated within the influence of the weir damming section. The existing weir was constructed in 1913 by count Goetz. The technical state of the construction was assessed on the basis of an inventory conducted in 2005. It revealed that concrete elements of the structure are in good technical condition, despite some damage on the lower site composed of “stepping stone” and concrete slab of the outlet. Damage formed on the joints of these two elements and on the side walls of the weir does not affect water flow conditions. A scour hole has formed below the slab of the outlet which gradually uncovers the slab founded on coarse sands and gravel susceptible to washing out. Determined was also the weir capacity by computing the flow discharge for bankfull discharge of the weir equal to its side walls on the ...
Buildings the cascade of water barrages of the section of the Upper Vistula contributed to the change of water relations in the valley of the river. Possessed observational material, relating to the recognitions of hydrogeological conditions on the area of the influence of the Dwory Water Barrage, allowed to conduct the analysis of the position of land waters. Using results of measurements executed in wells in the period before damming up water in the river Vistula relationships of the mirror of the ground water and water in the river Vistula were worked out. They made possible the qualification of the water level on the analysed area in the conditions swell the water in the river Vistula to the ordinate 225,50 m a.s.l., the elaboration of maps hydro-isohips and the qualification of the influence range of damming up through delimitation of the zones of the direct threat of soppy terrains situated in the environs of the locality Gromiec and Szyjki. The pronouncement of soppy areas was affirmed, about depth of covering the mirror of ground water to 0,8 m, partly soppy areas, about depth of covering the mirror of ground water from 0,8 from 1,6 m and neutral areas. ...
As follows from a number of scientific works, water reservoirs are subjected to sedimentation at a higher or lower intensity requiring in consequence, after a time, desedimentation and renovation. There are several ways of desedimentation but the problem remains what to do with the sediments removed fro the bottom. This depends on the quality of bottom sediments, their ecological state and, first of all, of their chemical properties (especially of heavy metal content). Chemical properties of sediments may depend on the reservoir location whether in anthropogenic transformed territories or in ecologically undisturbed ones. In the paper results of works on chemical composition of sediments of some chosen small water reservoirs were compared. Subsequently these compared with fish pond and granulometric composition and its variability on bottom area, content of organic particles and presence of six basic heavy metals and their distribution in reservoir were examined. An attempt at mathematical relation between granulometric composition and heavy metals and between the percentage relation between organic particles and heavy metals was undertaken. The possibility of agricultural utilization of sediments after removal from the bottom was determined on the basis of the tables of permissible chemical soil pollution. ...
The assessment of sediment amount transported by river based on indirect methods may lead to considerable errors. It particularly pertains to the assessment of transported suspended sediment quantity. In the paper methods are presented of determining the amount of load transported by the river and supplied to the water reservoir at Krempna on the Wisłoka river. The quantity of load flowing into the reservoir determined on the basis of field measurements was assumed reliable in the assessment of applied computational methods. On the basis of results of the multi-annual investigations on the silting processes, the authors, set a value of β-parameter using the results of the silting volume measurements and load transport computations during the subsequent years of the reservoir’s operational period. The sediment trap efficiency of the reservoir determined on the basis of transported sediment mass computed according to bathometric measurements and silting surveys ranges between 65% in 1998 and 50% in 2005. The determined sediment trap efficiency on the basis of the results of calculations by the DRUSLE method is on about 30% larger than the sediment trap efficiency value calculated on the basis of bathometric measurements. The amount of sediment transport computed by the MUSLE method is ...
The storage reservoir “Besko” on the River Wisłok consists of two part: the main part, on the River Wisłok (volume of about 11 mln m3), and the other one, the side part, on the River Czernisławka – contributory of the River Wisłok (volume of about 3 mln m3). The research covered this side part of the reservoir. Physical properties of the bottom sediments were determined among others the granulometric composition according to Prószyński by use of two method: with addition of a deffloculant Na2CO3 and without, showing significant differences. Chemical properties were also determined among others the pH reaction, percentage content of organic particles and also presence of heavy metals – cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc – and depending on it sediments were qualified for agriculture use. According to preliminary results the bottom sediments belong to first degree or not higher than second of chemical pollution what qualifies them for agriculture use and improvement of agricultural grounds. According to the accepted Polish standards either all agricultural crops (at zero pollution) or at the second degree of pollution with heavy metals, fodder crops, root crops can be cultivated or this grounds can be used as pastures. Increments of sediments in ...
Intensywne wezbrania powodziowe w powiecie wadowickim w ciągu ostatnich lat spowodowały znaczne straty materialne. Do powstałych szkód należy zaliczyć zniszczenia obiektów mostowych, spowodowane w większości przypadków poprzez zatory z rumoszu drzewnego. W wyniku badań terenowych i analiz określono warunki przepływu wód wezbraniowych w potoku Wieprzówka. Badaniami objęto górną część zlewni o powierzchni 5,33 km2, zamkniętą przekrojem mostowym. Obliczono przepływy o określonym prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia metodą Punzeta i tzw. formuły opadowej. Przepływ miarodajny Q1% posłużył obliczeniu przepustowości mostu w dwóch wariantach: przy braku zatoru i dla zatoru z rumoszu drzewnego. Powstające zatory powodują zmniejszenia czynnego pola przekroju, wpływając niekorzystnie na warunki przepływu wód wezbraniowych. Rozwiązanie konstrukcyjne mostu w km 27+500 potoku Wieprzówka, jak również jego sytuowanie umożliwia przepuszczenie całości przepływu miarodajnego, wynoszącego 32,31 m3·s-1, pomimo spiętrzenia równego 0,97 m. W przypadku utworzenia się zatoru zamykającego ponad 50% powierzchni przekroju poprzecznego mostu nastąpi szybki wzrost spiętrzenia, doprowadzając do zatopienia belki przęsła mostu, wystąpienia wody z koryta i ewentualnego rozmycia dna potoku. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje na konieczność prowadzenia systematycznych prac konserwacyjnych strefy przybrzeżnej koryt. ...
Damming up in the river channel caused by the dam on the underground waters then, when the hydraulic relationship of superficial waters and underground waters exists. The study of the forecast of the influence of damming up the river waters on adjoining areas consists in the qualification of the position of the underground water level. The tests of the appraisal of the position of the ground water level on the terrain of locality Zembrzyce in the case of damming up the water in the reservoir to the ordinate 312 m a.s.l were executed. Distribution of the filtration area is extremely difficult in spite quite good distinguishing the hydro-geological conditions of the analysed area. The locality Zembrzyce is in fork of two water - courses: river Skawa and her tributary the stream Paleczka. Location of Zembrzyce in these fork of two rivers creates complicated hydro-geological conditions resulting from the interaction of superficial water - courses on the adjoining area. On the studied area the zone of the influence of the change of the water level in river Skawa and stream Paleczka on the level of the ground waters was marked. Applying the hydrological method the change of the position of the ...
The results of the calculations of the conveyance of the channel of the river Dłubnia and the weir at Bieńczyce located in the km 6 + 560 of the river Dłubnia were introduced in the work. The results of calculations made possible the indica-tion of the cause of flooding the adjoining terrains during the flood in 18 July 2010. Taking into account outflow from reservoirs in Zesławice in this day to the weir the inflow in the river Dłubnią carried out approximately 70 m3•s-1. This water flow is qualified as the waterside flow. It was showed that this flow would not overflow from the channel Dłubnia below the studied weir. The weir at Bieńczyce is characterizes the smaller conveyance. It was stated that the conveyance of the weir carry out 50.25 m3∙s-1. It was calculated by the assumption that the weir gates will be fully upraised and not making up the obstacles in the overflow of the weir. However the conveyance carries out just 44,61 m3•s-1 accepting the hydraulic scheme, corresponding to the constructional solution of weir locks. It was also stated that because of the conveyance of the weir, smaller than the waterside flow, avoidance of submergence of terrains ...
The aim of study was to assess the effect of bottom sediments on the concentration of macronutrients (K, P, Na, Mg, Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu) in the plant test. The experimental design comprised 6 treatments: soil (control), soil + 5% of sediment, soil +10% of sediment, soil + 30% of sediment, soil + 50% of sediment and sediment (100%) in relation to the soil dry mass. The test plant - maize was harvested after 70 days of vegetation. Bottom sediment added to soil had a positive effect on maize biomass in the lowest dose, i.e. 5%. Higher doses of the sediment caused a reduction in maize yield. Bottom sediment positively affected concentration of nutrients: N, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Zn, Ni, Cu of maize shoots. However, the shoot biomass did not meet for fodder with respect to quality. Applied bottom sediment, has high content of sandy fractions, acid reaction and low concentration of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, can not be used as a fertilizer. Using bottom sediment from Narożniki reservoir in plant cultivation, one should take into consideration a necessity of application of supplementary NPK fertilization due to low concentration of these ...
Erosive processes are the limitative vitality of water reservoirs in catchment areas. Considerable quantity of the delivered erosion products to rivers are deposited in artificial barrage reservoirs. Qualification of the silting volume of small retention reservoirs in time of their operation and indication of the proper methods of silting forecast is a particularly essential engineering question especially in relation of the realized programme of small retention. The measurements results of silting of twelve small retention reservoirs being in the river-basin of the Upper Vistula were introduced in this paper. The determined mean silting degree of studied reservoirs carries out from 0,06 % to 6,38 %. Detailed silting forecast of four chosen water reservoirs was presented, two situated on water-courses with hydrological control - reservoirs Krempna and Maziarnia, and two situated on water-courses not included hydrological observations. The aim of the paper is appraisal of the possibility of silting forecast of small retention reservoirs by help of Gončarov’s and Šamov’s empirical formulas and on the basis of the determined intensity of silting according to Schoklitsch’s and Piečinov’s formulas. The capacity- inflow ratios - α, capacity-watershed ratios – C/W of studied water reservoirs were marked. This coefficients made it possible to qualify ...
A forecast of silting was developed for a small water reservoir on a watercourse not included in hydrological observations. Lack of data on the flow volumes, sediment concentration and suspended load transport suggest the use of indirect methods. These make possible determining the amount of sediment amount supplied to the reservoir. Studies on silting volume covered a reservoir at Narożniki situated on the Dęba stream. The methods of Reniger-Dębski, Brański and DR-USLE method were used in computations of sediment supply to the reservoir at Narożniki. Field studies were conducted to determine the way of management of the studied reservoir catchment. The kind of ground and its composition in the agriculturally used areas and forest sites were determined. The results of field works made possible to fix the parameters of the universal soil loss equation, which is the basis for computations using DR-USLE method. The silting degree computed on the basis of the reservoir silting measurements is 0.58%. The reservoir silting in successive years of its operation was calculated using Gončarov formula. The results of silting forecast after four years of operation were compared with the results of measurements. The highest compatibility of results for silting forecast developed on the basis ...
