Waste management is a section of technical infrastructure which is often called public utilities determining the sanitary and ecological level of rural areas. Wastes appear everywhere - on wastelands, by field roads, in the roadside ditches and drainage ditches, in parks and forests, and often also in the farmsteads. Growing rate of waste production, particularly indecomposable ones, poses two basic problems which must be solved by the self-government authorities in the commune: developing a system of waste collection and methods of their disposal. The first involves educational and organizational issues. The second problem is far more difficult to solve because a method or methods should be selected for managing municipal wastes. A most common method which must be usually applied in any conditions is waste deposition on controlled landfill site. The article presents the state of waste management in the Gródek nad Dunajcem commune and suggests some improvements to the situation. While presenting solutions applied by the commune attention was focused on ecological and economic advantages connected with upgrading the existing programme of waste management. The present system was evaluated on the basis of legal acts currently in force on developing solid waste management programmes, the amount ...
Present state and predicted development of technical, particularly network infrastructure, comprising elements and facilities of water supply and sewage disposal, is connected with various aspects of spatial management. There is a strict interrelation between the size of settlement units and the number of objects and facilities of infrastructure localized in their area. The degree of built-up density in rural areas and ground-water relationships have a significant influence on the construction costs of collective water supply and sewage disposal system. In the extremely unfavourable ground-water and terrain conditions the costs may be even twice higher than in moderate or advantageous conditions. Therefore in agricultural communes localized in sumbmontane areas with generally low budgetary incomes, investments connected with sewerage system construction are replaced, under the pressure of local communities, by investments on water supply systems. The article aims at describing the state of saturation with water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure in communes of the nowosądecki and limanowski counties during the period from 1990 until 2003.The state of individual communes equipment in the studied elements of infrastructure was described using saturation indices expressing the relationship of the network length per 100 km2. The indices were computed for the time span from 1990 ...
Implementation of new provisions concerning road inventory imposes an obligation on Communal Units of Local Self-Government to create and keep Road Books. The regulations state the new scope and principles of keeping inventories of public roads and bridges. They change fundamentally the scope and degree of precision concerning description of data necessary for a road inventory. The information pertains to among others: road safety barriers and road acoustic screens, bus stop bays, exist and roadside objects, etc. Due to the required preciseness of detail of Road Books, one of the most labour consuming but most important stages in the process of creating, keeping and practical application of the inventory is the stage of collecting data on road technical parameters. The work presents the method of collecting and archivization of data on technical parameters of a road section using GPS technology, GIS and SIP software. The developed method allows for simple and fast acquisition, using MapSource programme functions, of necessary spatial information collected using GPS appliance and then process it to the required tabular format. The paper contains precise data of a road book creating and addresses some issues which have been omitted in the interpretation of the law. Irrespective of ...
