The problem of hydraulic underloading of sewage treatment plants in ru-ral areas concerns currently many objects. It results from several basic facts, i.e. lack of collective systems of sewage removal or assuming too large volume of in-flowing sewage assumed in a treatment plant construction project. It seems that extension of sewer systems in rural areas seems a matter of time, which will allow to supply much bigger volume of sewage to the treatment plants. On the other hand proper reception of the amount of inflowing sewage is the most complex problem. Currently the most frequently quoted value per capita is 150 dm3∙M-1 of consumed water (discharged sewage) daily. In fact these amounts are often over-estimated whereas real amount of water used is much lower. The paper attempts at comparing the volume of outflowing sewage in com-parison with values planned in the project. The research comprised four house-hold sewage treatment plants situated in rural districts in the malopolskie province. In the Turbojet EP-2 treatment plant sewage inflow during the research period was 0.82 m3∙d-1 and lower than assumed (1.5 m3∙d-1) by 46%. In the Tur-bojet EP-4 the real sewage inflow was on average 0.81 m3∙d-1, which constituted only 19% of the ...
The paper presents the results of the analyses of the distinctive household sewage inflows frequency to the type Eko-Clear/II sewage treatment plant located in Tęgoborza. The objective sewage treatment plant was designed to receive sew-age from 1630 ENI. The designed average daily sewage inflow Qd.av. equals 204 m3•d-1. The results were analyzed on the basis of the daily read of the inflowing sewage in the 5 years' period 2002-2006. Each year the range of the incoming sewage was described and the frequency of the maximum inflows, exceeding the treatment plant's admissible loads, was discussed. The sewage treatment plant during the research was hydraulically underloaded. In 2002 less than 32% Qd.av. flowed into the treatment plant, in 2003 this amount increased to about 42% Qd.av. In the next year - 2004 the highest inflow was found in the tested period, which was over 49% of the designed inflow of sewage. In next two years the amount of incoming sewage decreased in comparison with the previous years. In 2005 the in-flow balanced around 41%, whereas in 2006 less than 35% Qd.av flowed into the treatment plant. In 2002 the most frequent inflows ranged between 40 m3•d-1 and 60 m3•d-1 or 60 m3•d-1 ...
The paper presents the results of the analyses of the distinctive household sewage inflows frequency to the type Eko-Clear/II sewage treatment plant located in Tęgoborza. The objective sewage treatment plant was designed to receive sew-age from 1630 ENI. The designed average daily sewage inflow Qd.av. equals 204 m3•d-1. The results were analyzed on the basis of the daily read of the inflowing sewage in the 5 years' period 2002-2006. Each year the range of the incoming sewage was described and the frequency of the maximum inflows, exceeding the treatment plant's admissible loads, was discussed. The sewage treatment plant during the research was hydraulically underloaded. In 2002 less than 32% Qd.av. flowed into the treatment plant, in 2003 this amount increased to about 42% Qd.av. In the next year - 2004 the highest inflow was found in the tested period, which was over 49% of the designed inflow of sewage. In next two years the amount of incoming sewage decreased in comparison with the previous years. In 2005 the in-flow balanced around 41%, whereas in 2006 less than 35% Qd.av flowed into the treatment plant. In 2002 the most frequent inflows ranged between 40 m3•d-1 and 60 m3•d-1 or 60 m3•d-1 ...
The performed study aimed to determine the effect of sewage temperature in bioreactors on pollution discharges measured by the BOD5, COD and total ni-trogen indexes. The research was carried out in a municipal sequential batch re-actor (SBR) treatment plant. The discussed treatment plant is located in Książ Wielki commune in Miechów district in Lesser Poland voivodeship. Households from two villages: Książ Wielki and Wielka Wieś discharge their sewage into the analysed treatment plant. An average of 100 to 110 m3•d-1 of sewage constituting nearly 50% of the designed hydraulic load of this object was discharged into the treatment plant during the study period. Temperature measurements and sewage sampling for physicochemical analyses were performed for 24 months in 2007 and 2008. Twenty four sewage samples were collected with a frequency of once per month. The lowest sewage temperature in the bioreactor during the study period was 7.1°C, whereas the highest temperature reached 18.8°C. Therefore, the sew-age temperature amplitude in the bioreactor was 11.7°C. Low sewage temperature below 10°C occurred from December to April. Lower efficiency of neutralisation of the 3 analysed pollution indexes was observed in this period. The carried out research revealed average relationship between the sewage temperature in the ...
The paper presents the analysis of research results on the unit pollution loads in the effluent from two public utility buildings - schools. Both school build-ings are located in the typical rural communes in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. During the research period the first school in Rajbrot was attended by 365 students whereas the number of students in the second school in Imbramowice reached 100. The objective of this study was to determine the unit load for the following pollution indexes: BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The research period was 36 months in 2006-2008. During this period 36 samples of the sewage runoff (raw sewage) from each object were collected on average once a month. Based on the collected data the following characteristic values of unit pollution loads were defined: minimum, maximum and arithmetic mean. The research results were compared to information presented in the litera-ture on the unit pollution loads in household sewage. Updated data on pollution loads in sewage from the school buildings should contribute to the correct design or selection of individual sewage treatment systems based on the population equivalent (PE) for objects of this type wherever there are no data on physico-chemical ...
The aim of the research was defining influence temperature of the sewage flow from sewage system and the temperature of the atmospheric air on tempera-ture sewage in open biological reactor of flow. To research one chose the small sewerage system with the sewage treatment plant serving to 2000 PE (Population Equivalents) situated on the village-commune in the malopolska voivodeship. Within a period of research the sewerage accompanied sewage from 250 buildings. The average flow of sewage in the investigated year was from 110 to 120 m3•d-1. The research embraced the period of 12 months from 1 January to 31 December the year 2010. To describe this relationship used of the multiple re-gression of analysis. In the period of research ascertained the large variability of the average temperature of sewage flow from sewage system and large variability of average of the temperature of the atmospheric air. The average of mean daily temperature of sewage flow was 11.0 oC. The lowest of temperature of sewage flow was 4.9 oC and the highest was 20.5 oC. In the investigated year of mean daily of the temperature of the atmospheric air was 8.3 oC. The research of concerning of multiple regression of ...
The aim of the research was defining size and range temperature of the sewage in two small, villages sewage systems. Additionally aim was to defining influence temperature of the sewage flow from sewage system and the temperature of the atmospheric air on temperature sewage in open biological reactors of flow. The research embraced the period of 12 months from January to December the year 2011. To describe this relationship used of the multiple regression of analysis. The research performed in two small sewage systems situated on the village-commune in Nowe Brzesko and Spytkowice. Sewage systems are included in the 2000 PE (Population Equivalents). In the year period of research ascertained, that average temperature in year in small biological reactors to vary from 12,6÷12,7oC, however its range is from 5,6oC to 19,2oC. Temperature of sewage in small, villages sewage systems does not exceed 10,0oC in period ⅓ year, as indicated by the permanent cooling down. Size of sewage temperature in small sewage systems is to a much greater extent then to sewage in large, urban sewage systems. Further, the temperature of the sewage in the bioreactor has a very large extent the temperature of the influent sewage and to a ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the removal of nitrogen compounds in two domestic sewage treatment plants operate based on activated sludge technology. In addition, the effect of sewage temperature in the bioreactors analyzed the effectiveness of the elimination rate. Also analyzed the treatment Turbojet EP-2 with a capacity designed from 1.2 to 1.8 m3•d-1, and treatment Turbojet EP-4 with a capacity of 3.5÷5.0 designed m3•d-1. During the study period the two objects were hydraulically underloaded. Based on studies conducted in 2008-2010 found that the average concentration of total nitrogen in raw sewage were 82.6 mgNog•dm-3 in the treatment plant Turbojet EP-2 and 102.0 mgNog•dm-3 in the treatment Turbojet EP-4, the mean concentration of total nitrogen in treated wastewater were 30.2 mgNog•dm-3 in the treatment Turbojet EP-2 and 65.5 mgNog•dm-3 in the treatment Turbojet EP-4. During the study found large fluctuations in the concentrations of total nitrogen in treated wastewater, which ranged from 12.2 to 77.1 mgNog•dm-3 in the treatment Turbojet EP-2 and from 15.3 to 130.7 mgNog•dm-3 in the treatment Turbojet EP-4. This demonstrates the instability occurring processes of nitrification and denitrification. High impact on the percentage of disposal process was nitrogen temperature treatment ...
The aim of the study was analysis of the reliability of the municipal sewage treatment plant Bioblok PS -50. The sewage treatment plant is in Gruszow in municipality Palecznica in the Malopolska province. Time of research was from 2008 to 2010 year. During this period, collected and analyzed the physico- chemical 18 samples of raw sewage and treated with an average frequency of once every two months in accordance with the reference methods. The evaluation of the effectiveness of contaminant removal in this treatment was determined using the Weibull reliability theory elements. The studies included pollution indicators specified in the authorization issued of law for this object: BOD5, COD and total suspension. Moreover determined regarding the reliability of wastewater nitrogen. On the basis of the assessment of the reliability of operation of the facility in relation to the indicators of the primary group: BOD5, COD and total suspension has been shown that the probability of exceeding the limit values can be from 3 to 8 days in the year. Number of days with possible exceeding of the limit values of indicators of pollution indicates that the test treatment meets the level of technological reliability. With respect to the reliability of ...
The aim of this study was to determine of influence of atmospheric precipitations in flow to sewer system on temperature and the amount of raw sewage flowing into the sewage treatment plant. Studies carried out in the sewer system with a length of 15 km and a diameter of from 200 to 315 mm. Were chosen two characteristics winter study periods. The first period was from 01 to 31 January 2011 year and the second period was from 01 to 29 February 2012 year. The analysis found that as a result of accidental water inflow (rain water) occurred lowering the temperature of the influent wastewater to the treatment plant from 2.1 to 2.2 °C. Water flowing random (rainy water) is defined as the share of accidental waters in the total volume of waste water treatment plants result in an increased volume of sewage from 37.5 to 40.0%. To prevent negative phenomena which are reducing the temperature of plants and their increased volume as a result of the entry of rain water drains should be taken to detect and elimination of illegal connections residential gutters and sealed sewer system. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the percentage of sewage from septic tanks to the variability of pollutant concentrations in the mixture of sewage undergoing treatment process in the collective sewage treatment plant. The study involved measuring the daily amount of wastewater influent and from septic tanks and determined the percentage of the amount of sewage from septic tanks in relation to the total wastewater being purified. During the 5-year study collected and analyzed 20 samples of sewage, which were made markings indicators: BOD5, COD and total suspension. After the statistical analysis, it was found that with the increase of the share of sewage from septic tanks by 1% increased the value of BOD5 14.6 mgO2•dm-3, increases the value of COD 40.2 mgO2•dm-3 and increases the concentration of total suspension of 21,4 mg•dm-3 in the total mixture of the waste water being purified. ...
The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of two on-site sewage treatment facilities (BCT S-12 and TJ EP-4) serving two school buildings located in rural communes in Małopolska region. The reliability was determined using Weibull reliability method. The research was conducted for 24 months and it involved the collection and analysis of 48 samples of raw and treated sewage from each facility. The analyses included organic and biogenic pollution, i.e. BOD5, COD, and total nitrogen. Reliability assessment revealed the following effectiveness for BCT S-12 facility: 77% for BOD5, 96% for COD and 25% for total nitrogen. For TJ EP-4 facility, the effectiveness was 81%, 88% and 72% for BOD5, COD and total nitrogen, respectively. Both facilities used the activated sludge process and experienced periodic disturbances in the treatment flow that resulted in reduced sewage treatment efficiency. Considering the above, the processes of nitrification and denitrification in the biological reactor should be streamlined to provide more effective removal of organic and nitrogen-based compounds in the investigated facilities. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the value and concentration indicators of BOD5, COD and general nitrogen in domestic wastewater after mechanical treatment, which should be considered in the design of the activated sludge reactor. Ninety-nine samples of raw wastewater and after mechanical treatment were then collected and physicochemical analysis was carried out. The quantity of pollutants in the raw wastewater was verified to determine if this was domestic wastewater. The next stage of the analysis included the definition of the characteristic quantity of the analysed indicators in wastewater after mechanical treatment, which should be taken into account while calibrating computer programs supporting the design of biological reactor chambers. A detailed analysis led to the conclusion that mean values for BOD5 - 300 mgO2·dm-3, for COD - 500 mgO2·dm-3and for total nitrogen 50 mgN·dm-3 should be applied. The work also determined the susceptibility of wastewater after mechanical treatment to the decomposition of organic and biogenic compounds. ...
In study presented of results research physico-chemical sewage in years 2002– 2004 in sewage treatment plant type SBR in place Sterkowiec-Zajazie in province małopolska. The Treatment plant started in 2001 year and expensed of 3,7 million PLN. Design of capacity in treatment plant is Q=600 m3∙d-1, however in during of research to treatment plant in flu about 150 m3∙d-1. About 8% sewer was drive tanker car with cesspool. Research concern to count size reduction in percent selects indexes pollution for example: BOD5, COD, total suspension witch primary group and ammonia nitrogen and total phosphates witch eutrophic group. Middle of value BOD5 in sewage raw was 401,1 mgO2∙dm-3, however in clean sewer was 15,23 mgO2∙dm-3. Middle of value COD in sewage raw was 660,74 mgO2∙dm-3, however in clean sewer was 75,43 mgO2∙dm-3. Middle of value total suspension in sewage raw was 207,51 mg∙dm-3, however in clean sewer was 22,17 mg∙dm-3. Middle of value ammonia nitrogen in sewage raw was 161,34 mgNNH4∙dm-3, however in clean sewer was 3,84 mgNNH4∙dm-3. For total phosphates middle of value in raw sewer was 19,71 mgP∙dm-3, and in clean sewer 4,67 mgP∙dm-3. Reduction of indexes with primary group and eutrophic group was high. Middle for BOD5 was ...
The article presents a analysis of amount flow to sewage to treatment plant type SBR – BIOVAC in years 2001–2004. The Treatment plant is located in Książ Wielki in province małopolska. The Treatment plant gave and started in 2000 year. The Treatment plant designed to flow sewer Q=200 m3∙d-1. Analysis amount flow to sewer allowed to compare actual flow to sewer with flow to founded in project. From 2001 year do 2004 year successive connected next users to sewage system, because of that increased amount flow to sewer. In 2001 year flowed to middle 70,0 m3∙d-1, however in 2004 year flowed to middle 106,7 m3∙d-1. In analysis time four years the most flow to in months march and december – middle 97,0 m3∙d-1, however months the smallest flow to in january and june – middle 77,0 m3∙d-1. After analysis middle flow to sewer in individual week days the most flow to write down in sundays (91,5 m3∙d-1) and the smallest in saturdays (81,0 m3∙d-1). Maximum deviations from middle days flow to took ± 10%. Actual flow to sewer is about 50% Qśr.d. From analysis results research follow to treatment plant flow to every year more sewer. Trend rising flow to ...
The article presents analysis structure consumption water by residents water- system in commune Drwinia situated in małopolska province. Commune Drwinia has area 108,8 km2 and there are 13 villages. Currently on the terrain lives about 6300 residents. The water-system serve with The Company Watersystem and Sewer-system in Bochnia. After building and giving water-system to use part of residents stilling from individual source delivery in water and don’t connect to water-system. Generally from water-system using about 77% households. In individual of villages amount connects to varies with from 53% to 93%. Few persons using water from water-system and out of habit people to conserve water causes much of discrepancy between projects using water and real using water. In projects accepted using water per one person 140 liter per day, however in last there years consumption was on the commune about 33 liter per day for one person. This is smaller from projects about 77%. Water-system (diameter pipelines and water speed) was designed and made for bigger flows water them is currently. In results water is more time them can, what maybe cause again contamination. This situation occur often in summer time when using water is less from project. One of manner ...
In a article presented amount in flow sewage and frequency occur of characteristic in flow sewage to sewage treatment plant in Głogow Malopolski. The period of research took there years 2003–2005. In this time was measure days in flow sewage. On the basis of register in flow described amount in flow sewage in selected days of week. In 2003 supply sewage in days week was even, this is non of days in flow of sewage was bigger or lower content. In analysis year in flow was from 626,9 m3⋅d-1 to 703,1 m3⋅d-1. Middle in flow was 657,3 m3⋅d-1. In next year 2004 keep a recorded considerable growth in flow sewage on over 100% with relation to year 2003. This growth cause was extending sewage system and connected next households to sewage system. In 2004 year also non of big of difference in flow sewage in selected days of week. Middle in flow in this time was 1317,2 m3⋅d-1. Bigger unevenness in flow wrote down in 2005 year. The smaller sewage in flow in wednesdays – 1348,3 m3⋅d-1, however the biggest in sundays – 1548,6 m3⋅d-1. Middle in flow was bigger in 2005 year them previous year almost 13% and was ...
In Poland problem of planned water-sewage on villages require improvement. Union directive of obligate our country to regulate to 2015 year. Finance which haw local government on villages territory are insufficient on needs building sewage-system and sewage treatment plants. People witch living on this territory are mostly people at small income and they haw not many for sewage-system. Many villages commune should be get many from European Union for investments connected with sewage. In article presented analysis amount of sewage out flow witch selected entities companys and amount pollutions include in sewage in period 2003–2004 years. To analysis chose 20 industrial plants working on area commune Mielec deliver sewage to sewage treatment plant i.e. Rolmlecz, Szpital Powiatowy, Matbud, Hotel Jubilat, MKS, Pasaż, PKS, Reg-Benz, MPB, Piekarnia Konieczny, Bibmot, Techmix, R&G, Piekarnia Taran, Metalpol, Piekarnia Weryński, Wabex, Kar-Lux, PKN Orlen, Serwis Center. The load of pollutions specific established for indexes pollutions: BOD5, COD, total suspension, ammonia nitrogen and ether extract. Amount of sewage from all industrial plants in time there years was average 22,7 m3·d-1. In flow sewage from individuals industrial plants was on big diverse and was from 2,8 m3·d-1 to 160,0 m3·d-1. The biggest participation in all totality of ...
The article presents evaluation of sewage treatment plant in Wadowice operation on the basis of pollutants’ reduction in the period from January 2003 to December 2005. Additional aim was analysing amount of inflowing sewage in the research period. Evaluation of operation capacity was based on reduction size of 5 chosen pollutants’ indexes: BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, general nitrogen and general phosphorus. Values of above mentioned pollutants’ indexes in treated sewage were compared to values from water-law permission given by Wadowice Starost for Wadowice Waterworks and Sewerage Utility Sp. z o. o. from 28.03.2006. Results of analyses of treated sewage composition show, that mean values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, general nitrogen and general phosphorus are lower than the admissible values from water-law permission. In the case of BOD5 mean value on the outflow (14,0 mgO2·dm-3) is almost 7% lower than the admissible value (15 mgO2·dm-3), COD (mean value 89,15 mgO2·dm-3) – 28,7% lower than the admissible value (125 mgO2·dm-3), total suspended solids (mean value 27,27 mg·dm-3) – 22,1% lower than the admissible value (35 mg·dm-3), general nitrogen (mean value 22,17 mgNgen·dm-3) – 26,1% lower than the admissible value (30 mgNgen·dm-3) and general phosphorus (mean value 1,26 mgPgen·dm-3) – ...
The article presents results of analysis and their discussion concerning operation of sewage from butchery of pigs pretreatment plant in Gruszów in Pałecznica commune. Additionally, construction of the mentioned pretreatment plant was discussed, for authors of its idea and project are Ph.D. eng. Marian Długosz and Ph.D. eng. Piotr Bugajski. The aim was to solve three problems: to regulate high disproportion of outflowing sewage, to reduce amount of pollutants contained in sewage and to prevent them from rotting. The research included regulation of sewage outflow put evenly in time, physicochemical analysis (BOD5 and COD) of sewage before and after pretreatment plant and measurements of oxygen amount in outflowing sewage. The first object on the technological way is well with the sieve for solid parts, in which pollutants bigger than 5,0 mm are stopped. Next, sewage flows into the settling tank, in which inflammable pollutants sediment to the bottom, and afterwards sewage flows to the aeration chamber. In this chamber, process of sewage aeration (oxygenation) occurs. Oxygenated sewage flow into the grease trap, and next into the well, in which sewage separation occurs. Part of them goes into the living sewerage system, and next to the Bioblok PS-50 sewage treatment plant, ...
The paper presents the results of the research regarding the amount of sewage inflowing by the sewerage system and the amount of sewage brought to the collective sewage treatment plant in Nowe Brzesko with the sanitation vehicle. The analyzed treatment plant is located in the area of Nowe Brzesko town in Nowe Brzesko Economic Area on the left bank of the Vistula River. Domestic sewage from 250 buildings are drained into this object. The analysis of the amount of sew-age was carried out in the period from January 2005 to December 2007. In this period the amount of sewage inflowing and brought in each month was defined in order to compare this amount with the designed one. Moreover, the paper presents the frequency of the defined amounts of inflowing sewage occurrence, as well as the probability of their occurrence. After data analysis, it was stated that the tested object is hydraulically under-loaded. In 2005 the actual amount of treated sewage constituted only 20,4% of the established treatment plant capacity, in 2006 this amount was 22% and in 2007 – 26,7%. In the period of 3 years high irregu-larity of the amount of incoming and brought sewage in each month was ...
In the elaboration the size and variability of water consumption by the two groups of users connected to the main water supply in Olkusz were presented. The consumption of water has been estimated on the basis of the readings of water me-ters conducted in 2005-2007 within the group of detached houses and in 2004––2007 within the group of residential building block of flats). A detailed analysis of water consumption demonstrated, that the unitary average daily water consump-tion within detached houses amounted to 75,96 dm3•d-1•M-1 whereas in residential buildings it amounted to 87,78 dm3•d-1•M-1. Both consumptions have been remain-ing on the similar level in comparison to the water consumption of other cities in the Małopolska region. In the analyzed group of detached houses within the stud-ied period there has been a 5,2% decrease in water consumption, while in the residential buildings the 6,6% increase was detected. The unitary daily water con-sumption within the group of detached houses and residential buildings decreases with the increasing of the number of residents. An average real unitary water con-sumption within detached houses has been 24% lower from the standard consump-tion, whereas within residential buildings the result amounted to 45,1% from standard water consumption. The variability ...
The article presents a structure consumption cold and hot water in apartment with family with 3 people. In analyze apartment install 2 water meters cold and hot water in bathroom and 2 water meters cold and hot water in kitchen. Cold and hot water in kitchen consumption is to prepare meal and to wash dishes. Cold water in bathroom consumption is to rinse off toilet bowl and laundry. Hot water in bathroom consumption is for people in target to keep personal hygiene. In kitchen is one point to draw cold and hot water (sink). In bathroom are for points to draw cold water and two points to draw hot water. The aim of this paper is to describe structure of consumption cold and hot water in to discuss apartment. The detail aims is describe actual parts cold water consumption in bathroom and kitchen and actual parts hot water consumption in bathroom and kitchen.Cold water is deliver with water supply, however hot water with heat and power plant MPEC S.A. in Krakow. In 2004 persons consumed 96,08 m3 water. Medium consumption on one person was 101,0 dm3*M-1*d-1. Analysis consumption in months in 2004 year showed the highest consumption was in ...
The article presents results of research concerns amount and remove indices of nitrogen and phosphate in domestic sewage treatment plant. Analysis sewage treatment plants are objects working with method of active sludge. The first sewage treatment plant Turbojet EP-4 was installed in Pałecznica in province małopolska. The treatment plant works for Primary schools where about 100 children and theaters’ house inhabited 6 people. Second sewage treatment plant is called Biocompact BCT S-12 and was installed in Rajbrot village near Lipnica Murowana. It takes sewage from schools and a teachers’ house inhabited 12 people. Analysis of results of research concern four years 1999-2003, and in this time took sewers flow to and flow in to sewage treatment plants. The results of research of sewer analyzed statistical for characterize size concentration total nitrogen and phosphates in sewer. In analysis introduce frequency relativity of occurrence concentration indices of biogenic indices in clean sewer. Additionally characterize size of reduction indices in clean process. Composition in flow to sewer was type for living sewer. Mean reduction of biogenic indices was for nitrogen and phosphates for two treatment plant 63,6% and 51,4%. Mean values total nitrogen and phosphates in sewer flow to treatment plant Turbojet EP-4 ...
mechanical-biological sewage treatment plat type ECOLO-CHEF located in commune Spytkowice. The object with project in flow sewers 300 m3·d-1, working on method of low loud active sludge with oxygen stabilization of excessive sediment. Including of sewage-system in commune Spytkowice take 12,4 km. With sewagesystem of using 1303 residents. Actual percent sewage-system is very small and take 13,8%. The research included sewers in flow to sewage treatment plant and clean sewers out flow in river from 01.01.2005 to 31.12.2005 years. The opinion of efficiency of sewage treatment plant matter went to reduction of five choice indexes of pollution i.e. BOD5, COD, total suspension, total nitrogen and total phosphates. The research proved that in flow to sewage of values individuals parameters depart from typical values in sewage from people. Affirmed low of value total suspension (120,28 mg·dm-3) compare with value 375 mg·dm-3 and BOD5 (225,25 mgO2·dm-3) compare with value 300 mgO2·dm-3 announcing in literature. Value of individual pollution in clean sewage with the exception of total phosphates, was far less from values in legislative documentation for sewage treatment plant. In total phosphates affirmed in half analysis exceed permissible of value 2,5 mgPog·dm-3. Permissible of value was exceed on average 62,8%. Exceed of ...
In the paper, problems of measuring of water usage in the aspect of possibilities of running water loss limitation were exposed. It has been proved that badly selected or of outdated construction water-meter, may influence the value of real and virtual water loss. Introduction of measurement of water usage’s amount has two very important aspects. First: by limitation of water wastage, it causes rationalisation of its usage, and second: it enables accounting amount of water used by locators by walking away from the ineffective and sometimes unfair lump payment collection. Moreover, in the paper short characteristic of water-meters occurring on the market was shown, regarding their division, basic parameters and metrological classes. The most important problems of water-meters’ usage in household architecture were discussed. It has been ascertained, that the causes of water losses, apart from the physical water wastage because of leakages, are measurement errors and water stealing, which directly or indirectly are results of applied mensuration equipment. Examples of interference with installation and water-meters were quoted and possibilities of their limitations were shown. Practical advice was given, which will help to avoid problems with the correct measurement of water usage’s amount. At the end, new trends in mensuration ...
The article presents results of research carried out on four “DUOFILTER” type septic tanks. Analysed objects made first step of living sewage treatment in household sewage treatment plants. As a second step of treatment vertical flow sand filter was applied. Sewage flow through the tank in each case was less than 1,0 m3*d-1. Septic tank consisted of three chambers: first – sedimental one and two flow ones, equipped with filter made of porous structures. The research was carried out during the period from October 2003 to May 2005. Concentrations of raw sewage pollutants were analysed – taken from the first chamber of the tank, and sewage primarily treated – taken on the outflow from the tank. Three indexes from the basic group: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids were physicochemically analysed. On the basis of the carried out results’ analysis, mean effectiveness of BOD5 was ascertained from 25,3 to 40,2%; CODCr from 32,4 to 43,5 %; total suspended solids from 35,9 to 56%. ...
The paper considers the regime of springs which flow out in the area of the top parts of two catchments of Mszanka and Kamienica springs located in the we-stern part of The Beskid Wyspowy Mountains and in the north-eastern part of The Gorce Mountains. The analyzed regime consists of the measurements of the spring water efficiency and temperature (quantitative) and the results of the chemical analyses of the water samples (qualitative). The quantitative regime of springs was measured once, frequently and systematically (stationary), whereas the qualitative regime was measured frequently two to six times. The carried out research indica-tes that in the tested area of Mszanka catchment 192 springs occur and in the Ka-mienica catchment - 33 springs. The efficiency of springs which were analyzed once in the Mszanka catchment ranged between 2,0-200,0 dm3 ∙ min-1, with the water temperature of 5,0-13,0ºC. Most frequently the gravity springs and hillside springs, qualified by Meinzer to V-VI classes flew out of the Krosno Beds, then from the Kanina Beds and from eocene spilosites. On the other hand, in the area of the Kamienica catchment, the efficiency of the springs which were measured once, ranged between 2,0 and120,0 dm3∙min-1, with the water temperature ...
The aim of the study was to determine the volume of infiltration and inflow within a selected sanitary sewer system by using the moving minimum method. The examined sewer system is located in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Parasite water inflow into the sewer system was studied in the multiannual period of 2008-2011. Based on the analysis of the research results, obtained using the moving minimum method, it was determined that the infiltration fraction in the annual inflow of contaminated water into the sewer system was from 19.0 to 20.7%, while the fraction of extraneous water - from 19.5 to 31.4%. The largest inflows of extraneous water in the analyzed multiannual period occurred in 2010 (30 210 m3). Due to high total annual precipitation this year was evaluated as very wet. The lowest inflows of extraneous water to the sewer system (15 053 m3) were observed in 2011 (extreme dry year). On the other hand, the largest inflow of infiltration water (20 675 m3) occurred in 2009 (dry year) and the lowest (14 805 m3) - in 2011. The performed research demonstrated a strong correlation between the annual amount of precipitation and the annual volume of parasite water flowing into ...
The aim of this study was the application of the triangle method for the calculation of the infiltration and inflow volume entering the sanitary sewer system operating in the Cracow County (Lesser Poland Voivodeship). The analyzed, 10 km long, sewer system is made of vitrified clay pipes with diameters of 200, 250 and 300 mm. Infiltration and inflow, also called extraneous water, adversely affect the operation of sewer systems and sewage treatment plants, what in turn may result in water contamination in the receiver. Amount of extraneous water in the inflows to sewer systems should be estimated using the available computational methods and their causes should be eliminated on an ongoing basis. The conducted study showed an alarming amount of extraneous water flowing into the analyzed sewer system, i.e. in 2010 it accounted for 41.1% (40033 m3), in 2011 - 28.7% (22224 m3), while in 2012 - 23.4% (16848 m3) of the total annual volume of polluted water. The volume of infiltration and inflow entering the examined sewer system depended primarily on the frequency of precipitation, and - to a lesser extent - on its annual total amount. Illegal connections of yard inlets or gutters to the sewage drains are ...
The paper presents the assessment of the operation of a sewage treatment plant in Haczów before and after its modernization. The analysis of results was conducted based on data data for the period from January 2011 to March 2015. The paper describes the process line of the studied object and the qualitative assessment of treated sewage based on three basic sewage contamination indicators: BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids. Moreover, the amount of sewage flowing into the treatment plant over the period of four consecutive years was analyzed. The operation of the sewage treatment plant was assessed for two periods, i.e. before and after its modernization. The conducted analysis showed a significant improvement in the quality of treated sewage after the modernization of the treatment plant. After the modernization, the mean value of the BOD5 indicator in the treated sewage was 8,4 mgO2.dm-3 and was more than seven times lower than in the period prior to modernization. Similar situation was observed for CODCr as its mean value for treated sewage after the modernization was 61,7 mgO2.dm-3 while before the modernization it was 227,9 mgO2.dm-3. A significantly lower value of the mean total suspended solids concentration was also observed in treated ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of precipitation, which were observed in Nowy Sącz, on the variability of quantitative wastewater inflowing into the treatment plant Wielopole in the years 2008-2014. An analysis of the data from the multi-year was presented as a time series. The next a method for spectral Fourier smoothing operation using a Hamming window was using. The 56 % relationship between the amount of precipitation and the daily flow of sewage was after decomposition. This means that variability of the flow to the treatment plant Wielopole can be explained by the amount of precipitation in 204 days for annual period. ...
The paper analyzes the variability of sewage inflow to a treatment plant in Dębica. For this purpose, the following basic descriptive statistics of the sewage inflow to the treatment plant were determined: mean value (Qdm), median (Mo), minimum value (Qdmin), maximum value (Qdmax), standard deviation (), coefficient of variation (Vzm), range (Ro). Histogram of a number of sewage inflows to the treatment plant for the specified observation intervals was determined. Detailed diurnal raw sewage inflows to the treatment plant in Dębica were summarized for the period of 2009-2015 compared to the limit value specified by the water-legal permit and the to the mean value. Mean diurnal sewage flow values for individual months from the period of 2009-2015 were also summarized. Mean diurnal sewage flows in individual years of the studied period, as well as mean diurnal sewage flow values in each day of the week were compared. Moreover, runoff data were obtained from the Tarnów station (the nearest rainfall station to the studied facility) and on this basis mean values of diurnal precipitation for individual months in the period of 2009-2015 were determined. Subsequently, the days of the study period were divided into 7 major groups based on the amount ...
The aim of the research was to get the expertise, how location of wastewater treatment plant to basin of sewage system influences the temperature of inflowing wastewater. The analysis included four sewage systems, which are different for the sake of length of transit canal between treatment plant and residential buildings, in which domestic sewage was produced. In analysed systems sewage flew into the treatment plants with hydraulic capacity range from 100 to 300 m3•d-1, and with population equivalent less than 2000. Measurements of temperature of air and wastewater outflowing from sewage system, in analysed year 2012, were conducted continuously, with 1 hour interval, with use resistance sensors connected with data recorder. The research showed, that the distance of treatment plant to basin of sewage system has a significant impact on wastewater temperature outflowing from sewage system. In winter period mean daily wastewater temperature outflowing from transit manifolds with length from 300 to 600 m was lower even about 3oC, but in summer period up to 8oC, in comparison to transit manifolds with length less than 10 m. Moreover, it was proved that, apart from length of transit manifold, also intensity of wastewater flow has a significant impact on wastewater ...
The paper evaluates the technical condition of 70 water supply networks situated in rural and urban-rural communes in Lesser Poland and Subcarpathian voivodeships. Because of large variation of the considered waterworks in terms of their size, they were divided into five groups according to the number of residents served by the waterworks. The age and material structure of the water supply system was characterized, followed by the evaluation of their technical condition based on data from the end of 2009, derived from the operational records of individual waterworks. The analysis of each water supply indicator included their structural division, i.e. the transit, main and distribution pipes as well as water supply connections were analyzed. Another aspect of the analysis was to examine the structure of damage to the pipes. The conducted analysis revealed that the pipes at the age of 25 years dominated in the age structure of the water supply networks, which, given the material they were made of, shows that in most cases they were halfway through their technical timeline. The vast majority of the analyzed water supply networks was constructed of thermoplastic materials and to a much lesser extent - of steel. Cast iron and asbestos cement ...
The research aimed to learn if and to what extent extraneous waters, occasionally flowing into sanitary sewer system during atmospheric precipitation, change proportions of selected pollution indices which are significant regarding biological sewage treatment. The following proportions between pollution indices should be maintained in the sewage subjected to biological treatment process: COD:BOD5 ≤ 1.8; BOD5:N ≥ 4.0, BOD5:P ≥ 25; COD:P ≥ 3.6. Investigations conducted in two sewer systems located in the Małopolskie voivodeship revealed that extraneous waters infiltrating the intercepting sewers during wet weather negatively affect all proportions between pollution indices. Increasing amount of extraneous waters in sewer systems caused the greatest changes of BOD5:N and BOD5:P proportions. On the basis of conducted research it was found that considerable quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are supplied to the sewer system with extraneous waters, which in biological denitrification and dephosphatation processes may lead to a deficit of organic compounds causing a necessity to provide an external source of carbon for the reactor chambers, such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, glucose or others. During the conducted investigations it was demonstrated that extraneous waters in interceptors cause not only sewage dilution, but also significantly change its chemical composition. ...
The aim of the paper was an analysis of the structure of tap water consumption by rural households considering the use of its results for designing the elements of water supply and sewer systems. The analysis of this structure was based on direct measurements of water consumption conducted in 2011-2014 in 30 households located in Przeginia Duchowna village (Czernichów commune, Malopolskie province). Double measurement of water consumption (water supply connection or water draw off point outside a residential building) enabled the separation water consumption for household and additional purposes from the total water consumption per household. Analysis of the collected data revealed considerable disproportions between the real water consumption and stated in the design guidelines. Calculated on the basis of the study, averaging 85.6 dm3·I-1·d-1, accounted for only 57% of the value of 150 dm3·I-1·d-1 most commonly used in design. Because of the possible determining the water consumption structure it was demonstrated, that the divergences concerned also the volume of domestic sewage discharged from rural households. Obtained results revealed also that application of the principle, where the volume of sewage equals the volume of water consumption by rural households, for designing sewer systems is usually incorrect. In the analyzed household ...
The paper presents an analysis of sewage susceptibility to biodegradation on an example of sewage treatment plant in Wodzisław Śląski in the Śląskie province. For this purpose, dependencies between selected indices of domestic sewage pollution were applied. Descriptive statistics of the respective indices rations COD/BOD5, BOD5/TN, BOD5/TP were presented. Moreover, an analysis was conducted on the composition of raw sewage flowing into the treatment plant, pre-treated sewage and sewage leaving the studied treatment plant. The analysis was carried out on the basis of three basic indices of sewage pollution (BOD5, COD and total suspended solids) and two biogenic indices (total nitrogen and total phosphorus). Tests on the sewage composition were conducted in the years 2010-2015. Basic descriptive statistics were compiled for the values of the studied indices of sewage pollution and the obtained results were interpreted. On the basis of collected material it may be said that sewage reaching the treatment plant in Wodzisław Śląski revealed a good susceptibility to biodegradation, whereas the BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP ratios were below the optimum value. ...
The aim of the paper was to determine the possibility of the use of Shewhart control charts to monitor changes in the forms of nitrogen, showing the quality of wastewater discharged from the wastewater treatment plant in Krosno in the years 2010-2015. The performed statistical analysis showed the highest number of cases of elevated nitrate nitrogen and/or ammonium nitrogen when the temperature of treated wastewater was below 8-9°C. This low temperature resulted in adverse effect on the activity of bacteria that were involved in biological removal of nitrogen. It was found that in the winter months, the second stage of nitrifying bacteria responsible for oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, exhibited higher activity than the denitrifying bacteria. Graphical presentation of total nitrogen content using control charts for the mean of the process revealed the exceedance of the upper specification line (USL = 10 mgNtot·dm-3) in the months from December to April. It was observed that the total nitrogen removal process in the months from June to November was stable with a very high 90% reduction in biogenic activity. The obtained results confirm the efficacy of control charts as a tool which can easily be applied in the statistical process control of ...
