Summary:

The aim of this article is to present the basic rules of protection and rational usage of lands in Poland and Ukraine, and to point out the differences and similarities in this issue. In the summary concerning this problem the authors said, that the average quality of agricultural lands varies in both countries. When we take into consideration the soil quality, in Ukraine the soil is much better than in Poland. Besides, the agrarian structure is different in both countries. In Ukraine there is a large number of big farms with big farmlands, often used as crop fields. In the Polish structure of farmlands most of the farms are private (individual). This difference has an impact on the strategy of environmental protection and land usage there. In Ukraine the protection is based on large farmlands, their proper shape and area, the level of tillage, to avoid the danger of soil erosion. In Poland the most important is protecting the best lands, according to their quality. In authors' opinion, the issues presented in the article can be a basis for the experience exchange and teaching, treating the rules of protection and economic usage of lands of their neighbor, as the source of inspiration and innovation.