In this research which was carried out inSuleymanDemirel University Re-search and Application Farm during 2007 and 2008 years, apple leaf area index (LAI) and leaf water potential (LWP) were observed in Jersey Mac (V1) and Wil-liams Pride (V2) young apple varieties budded on M9 rootstock irrigated with dif-ferent irrigation methods. Drip (D), subsurface drip (SD), surface (S) and under-tree micro sprinkler (M) irrigation methods were used in the research. The amount of applied irrigation water was as much as 100% of Class A Pan evaporation measured during five days irrigation intervals. The amount of irrigation water was ranged between 348.3 (D, SD) - 1186 (S, M) mm depending on irrigation methods during the experimental years. Fur-thermore, maximum and minimum crop evapotranspiration values were determined as 426.1 (DV2) and 1334.7 (MV2) mm respectively.LAI values related to treatments ranged from 0.32 to 0.52 in 2007, 0.73 to 1.12 in 2008. LAI values increased by approximately 126.3% for all treatments. In both years, generally, the highest LAI values were observed in drip irrigation (D) for both varieties. Linear correlation (r=0.99, n=16) was obtained between fruit yields and leaf area index (LAI) values of the apple trees. Leaf water potential (LWP) measurements were repeated ...
The work presents the results of investigations conducted in 2004-2007 to evaluate the residual effect of summer catch crops ploughed as green manures on productive-economic effects of sweet corn cultivation. The experiment was carried out in east-central Poland (52°03'N, 22°33'E). The following summer catch crops were grown: phacelia, amaranth, sunflower, serradella and faba bean. The catch crop seeds were sown in 2004-2006 at three dates: on the 21stJuly, 4th and 18th August. The effect of summer catch crops was compared to FYM applied at the rate of 40 t•ha-1. The catch crops biomass (roots + above ground parts) and FYM were incorporated in the third decade of October. Sweet corn seeds (6 kg•ha-1) were sown in mid-May, in the years 2005-2007, at the between- and inter-row spacing of 65 × 20 cm. Sweet corn ears were hand-harvested at the stage of milk maturity of kernels, at the turn of August and September. During the harvest marketable yield of ears (t•ha-1) and number of marketable ears per 1 ha were determined. Economic evaluation of sweet corn cultivation under diversified organic fertilization was conducted according to the standard gross margin method. The calculation was based on the 2014 prices. The highest yield ...
Spring frost in the blooming time can be a significant factor decreasing the fruit production and affects the cultivation profitability in the years with unfavourable weather conditions. In Poland, the fruit trees especially susceptible to damage are peach and apricot trees. Among the popular methods of protecting the trees against spring frost damage there are three kinds of treatment: sprinkling irrigation, fogging, smoking and using fans for mixing the layers of air. The costs of applying the particular methods differ, as well as their efficiency. The side effect of using them can be also orchard pollution. The experiment was conducted on selected peach tree cultivars, on two rootstocks. Two methods of spring frost protection were applied: sprinkling irrigation and fogging with the use of glycerin mixed with tap water in proportion 1:10. Sprinkling irrigation proved to be more effective, it protected 98% of blooms. Using the fogging device also brought a satisfying effect. The cultivars that were easily damaged by spring frost were 'Early Redhaven' and 'Cresthaven'. The greatest resistance to bloom damage was observed in the case of the 'Suncrest' and 'Saturn' trees. The yielding of the 'Inka' and 'Early Redhaven' trees protected by sprinkling irrigation was significantly better, ...
The aim of the research conducted in the conditions of Lower Silesia in the years 2012-2016 was to evaluate the growth and yielding of young peach trees cultivated in ridges with drip irrigation. The experiment concerned the flat-fruit peach trees, cultivar Saturn on the Manchurian peach tree seedling, planted in the spring of 2012 in the spacing 4.0 x 1.5 m.In each year the shortage of rainfall was observed, as compared to the years 1997-2000. During the vegetation period, the deficiencies were from -7.3 mm up to - 221.7 mm. The insufficient amount of rainfall was accompanied by the rise of the mean air temperature in the vegetation period by 0.5 - 1.7oC. In the orchard, the drip irrigation in the form of stippling tape T-Tape TSX515-50-380 was applied, with the emitters every 50 cm and the expenditure of 3.8 l per metre in 1 hour. The humidity measurements were being taken from the beginning of May until the end of July with the use of Watermark probes, testing the sucking power of soil at the depth of 20 cm. The irrigation started when the water potential of soil was 30 kPa.During the 4 years, the total yield per hectare ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of four fertigation levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of fertilizer dose, 240:100:200 kg N:P:K ha-1) and to compare with conventional practices (CP). The fertigation levels F1 25% of total fertilizer (60:25:50 kg N:P:K ha-1) treatments, F2 treatment is 50% of total fertilizer (120:50:100 kg N:P:K ha-1), F3 treatment is 75% of total fertilizer (180:75:150 kg N:P:K ha-1), F4 treatment is 100% of total fertilizer (240:100:200 kg N:P:K ha-1). The experiment was conducted during 2012 summer (from 20 June to 15 September) under the field conditions in the Menzilat soil series (Typic Xerofluvents) which is located in the East Mediterranean coastal part of Turkey. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized-block with three replications. The maize plant (Zea mays L.) was sown as second crop following with wheat cultivation. The maize yield was higher in F3 fertigation level treatment (12.47 Mg ha-1) compared to the other treatments. Lowest yield was recorded in F2 (8.45 Mg ha-1) treatment. The results shown that the half of the fertilizer application with conventional practices and the other half with fertigation are more efficient under Menzilat soil series conditions. For future, it is important ...
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of biochar that obtained from walnut shell and thyme stalk on yield and biomass development of pepper plant. Biochar obtained by self-constructed oxygen-free reactor at 400 C. According to experimental design, 2 different biochar raw materials (walnut shell and thyme stalk) at 3 different doses (0, 0.1 and 0.2% w/w) were evaluated in either with or without sulphur application (0 and 0.1% w/w). Results revealed that the all parameters tested were greatly influenced from raw material, biochar dose as well as sulphur applications. Significant differences were determined between the raw materials in which the biochar was made. According to mean values the walnut shell biochar provide 38% more shoot dry weight than thyme stalk biochar. These findings clearly indicate that although biochar almost consisted of carbon, all of the biochar are not the same, and depends on the raw material; biochar even can reduce plant growth. The effect of sulfur application was also significant, especially in the pots where biochar and sulfur were applied together. The lowest yield value was determined at control as well as 0.1% thyme stalk biochar applied pots as 34.2 and 33.4 g pot-1, respectively while ...
The study was conducted in 2008-2009 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik near Stargard, on sandy soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sub-crown irrigation on the yield leaves photosynthesis and transpiration capacity, as well as CO2 concentration in the stomatal cells, and leaf greenness index of early 'Geneva Early' cv. and late 'Rubinola' cv. apple cultivars.Irrigation was applied in the form of the sub-crown system, in which water is distributed through a mini-sprayers of Hadar type when water potential of soil fell below -0.01 MPa. The experiment was established in a randomized sub-block pattern (split-plot) in 10 replicates. The study was conducted using the four-year-old trees. The trees were planted at 4 × 2 m spacing; one hectare was planted with 1250 trees. Turf was maintained between the trees, while herbicide fallow was applied in rows. Plant material for laboratory tests was collected each year in three dates: fruit setting (date 1), harvest (date 2) and one month after the harvest (date 3). Studies have shown that leaves of the irrigated apple trees were lower content of assimilation pigments in leaves than non-irrigated ones. Leaves of late ‘Rubinola' cv. showed higher ...
The paperwork includes estimate of irrigation on yield effect of highbush blueberry. The research was conducted in 2014-2016, on a small plantation located in Przyczyna Górna, in the Wschowski county, in the Lubuskie Province. The plantation's area was 800 m2. The article presents an analysis of five varieties of highbush blueberry: Patriot, Duke, Chandler, Elliott and Bluecrop. The frequency of irrigation and the amount of water supplied to the shrubs depended mainly on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation and the optimal humidity that the soil needs in growing blueberries. The need for irrigation was determined on the basis of soil water suction measurements using tensiometers. The shrubs were irrigated with a drip line with a spacing adjusted to the spacing of blueberry bushes.The annual dose of water used for irrigation were from 144 mm to 303 mm. The research showed that the average crop increase amounted to 167%, because of irrigation. In 2015, which was a wet year, the increase was 140% and in the average year (2014) was 193%. It was not connected only with amount of precipitation, but with the distribution of precipitation at growing season. The best yield was noted for Chandler (32% of yield), Patriot and ...
Drought is an important factor that causes a decrease in yield and quality in regions where second crop silage plants are grown. One of the biggest problems in animal husbandry is feed. Especially silage feed production tends to decrease in areas with increasing water deficit and where water needs cannot be met. The high water requirement of the corn plant requires irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. However, in order to continue the production of silage fodder in regions where water resources are insufficient with the increase of drought, it will be necessary to grow forage plants that can be an alternative to corn plant. In previous studies, it has been discussed whether the sorghum plant is an alternative to the corn plant. The aim of this study is to determine the drought sensitivity index based on the yield values of both plants in wet and dry conditions. Thus, it will be determined whether the sorghum plant will be an alternative to the corn plant in terms of drought. The identification and selection of drought-resistant cultivars and species is possible using various indices. In this study, second crop silage maize and sorghum crops were grown in Kahramanmaraş conditions for two ...
