Over recent years, the structure and rate of water consumption in Poland has exhibited significant changes. In urban areas has been observed a substantial decrease in water demand, whereas in rural areas the general trend has been the opposite. The aim of this work was to investigate the consequences of changes in area of water and sewage management in Bydgoski, Toruński and Włocławski counties, paying special attention to the rate and structure of water consumption. In this study were used data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS). The data included information concerning the length of waterworks system, and the rate and structure of water consumption in individual communes of the investigated counties. In 22 out of 28 examined units was recorded an increase of total and individual water consumption. Selected communes and rural areas have significant differences in rate and structure water consumption. The main cause of these changes are indicated to be an increase in population (migration from cities) accompanied by an expansion of waterworks. ...
The aim of the paper was an analysis of the structure of tap water consumption by rural households considering the use of its results for designing the elements of water supply and sewer systems. The analysis of this structure was based on direct measurements of water consumption conducted in 2011-2014 in 30 households located in Przeginia Duchowna village (Czernichów commune, Malopolskie province). Double measurement of water consumption (water supply connection or water draw off point outside a residential building) enabled the separation water consumption for household and additional purposes from the total water consumption per household. Analysis of the collected data revealed considerable disproportions between the real water consumption and stated in the design guidelines. Calculated on the basis of the study, averaging 85.6 dm3·I-1·d-1, accounted for only 57% of the value of 150 dm3·I-1·d-1 most commonly used in design. Because of the possible determining the water consumption structure it was demonstrated, that the divergences concerned also the volume of domestic sewage discharged from rural households. Obtained results revealed also that application of the principle, where the volume of sewage equals the volume of water consumption by rural households, for designing sewer systems is usually incorrect. In the analyzed household ...
This work analyses the variability of water consumption in Toruń over the years 2014-2017. The difference between the largest annual water consumption (2016) and the smallest (2014) was 13.2%. Higher consumption values typically occurred in the warm half-year, except in 2015. The lowest values occurred in the winter months (February), and the highest in the summer months (from June to August). The largest dayto-day variations in water abstraction were recorded at Easter and Christmas. There were differences between the average water consumption on particular days of the week, with the largest differences being between Saturdays (the highest value) and Sundays (the lowest value). Average unit water consumption was in the range of 58.2 to 67.3 dm3∙M-1∙d-1. On the basis of multiple regression analysis, a set of the factors with the greatest impact on the daily variability of water consumption in the city (in the warm half-year) was indicated. These factors include:evaporation, day of the week, humidity and maximum temperature. ...
