A check dam is a hydraulic structure, which is constructed in order to limit river sediment transport. A sedimentation reservoir is created upstream from the body of the dam, where river sediment is constantlyaccumulated. These structures were constructed starting in the early 20th century in upstream parts of mountain streams in the Polish part of the Carpathian Mountains. At present, the reservoirs of most check dams are already fully filled with sediment and the impact of these structures on the ecosystems of streams is unfavorable. Moreover, the dams that have not been renovated are in poor technical condition. In the paper two cases of check dam lowering and restored is discussed and the one hypothetical case of gradual check dam lowering is presented and discussed as well. The cases of Krzczonówka and Trzebuńka, where the method ofremoving sediment from reservoirs was different, showed that the sudden change of „established" hydrodynamic conditions for decades is not favorable for the stream. The results of hypothetic simulation of gradual check dam lowering for the case of Isepnica Stream leads to the conclusion that lowering the construction of check dam and removing sediment from its reservoir in a way that does not have a ...
Water is a crucial natural resource, influencing plant productivity and sustaining ecosystems. Black locust, known for its drought resistance and adaptability to unfavorable conditions, is frequently used in the recovery of degraded regions. During juvenile phase, black locust requires sufficient soil moisture for proper growth. The objective of the research was to assess the water needs of black locust in the second stage of growth on reclamation plantations, specifically starting three years after planting. Water requirements were evaluated for five regions in Poland between 1 June and 31 August in 1981-2010. Water requirements, quantified as crop evapotranspiration, were determined by multiplying the plant coefficient by the reference evapotranspiration. The Blaney-Criddle equation, with the plant coefficient adapted using the Żakowicz method, was applied to estimate reference evapotranspiration. It was found that the average water requirements from June to August were 370 mm. Rainfall deficits were observed in all regions, with the highest shortfalls in central Poland. Additionally, all regions demonstrated an upward trend in water requirements for this species. The results provide valuable insights for planning and implementing irrigation strategies for black locust cultivated in reclamation plantations in Poland, supporting the sustainable management of water resources in the region. ...
