Geothermal waters under national conditions have the status of minerals, which means that their exploitation is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Geological and Mining Law. In the area of the Podhale Basin, one of the boreholes that extracts water of elevated temperature is the Chochołów PIG-1 borehole which constitutes the basis for the functioning of the Chochołowskie Termy recreation complex. The main feature of the waters intake due to the correct functioning of the complex is the stability of temperature and physicochemical parameters. The variability of most important hydrogeological parameters (temperature,SEC, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) with available data base were chosen for the analyzes. These parameters determine economic viability and proper conditions for the technical exploitation of geothermalborehole Chochołów PIG-1. Water chemistry has been studied in the area of ionic index markings determining the type of exploitating geothermal water. This paper presents the results of analyzes of selected parametersin the years 2016-2017 and indicates trends in their contents in the given period. The general conclusion is that under operating conditions in accordance with the approved performance, physicochemical parameters are characterized by relative stability. The appropriate exploitation of water from the Chochołów PIG-1 borehole allows for ...
Nadrzędnym celem Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej 2000/60/WE jest ochrona wód i środowiska wodnego dla przyszłych pokoleń. Osiągnięcie dobrego stanu wszystkich części wód następuje poprzez określenie i wdrożenie koniecznych działań w ramach zintegrowanych programów działań w państwach członkowskich. Wydzielone tzw. jednolite części wód, zarówno powierzchniowe, jak i podziemne, należy chronić, aby przyszłym pokoleniom pozostawić je w dobrym stanie ilościowym i jakościowym. Inwestycje w energetykę odnawialną, uznawane są w świetle Dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2009/28/WE z dnia 23 kwietnia 2009 r. w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych za źródła energii promowane ze względu na troskę o środowisko. Tym samym korzyści z realizacji takich przedsięwzięć są wysoko cenione zarówno w skali regionalnej, jak i skali globalnej, szczególnie ze względu na zmiany klimatyczne oraz postępujące zanieczyszczenie środowiska. Krajowe doświadczenia w realizacji małych elektrowni wodnych świadczą jednak o wysokim stopniu niejednoznaczności i budzą wiele kontrowersji. Wpływ zarówno pozytywny, jak i negatywny realizacji MEW, jest wysoko zależny od indywidualnej lokalizacji oraz od aktualnego stanu środowiska. W artykule przedstawione zostały obowiązujące przepisy prawne oraz wskazane możliwe oddziaływania przedsięwzięcia ograniczone do analizy wpływu na ochronę jednolitych części wód podziemnych. ...
The paper presents an analysis of sewage susceptibility to biodegradation on an example of sewage treatment plant in Wodzisław Śląski in the Śląskie province. For this purpose, dependencies between selected indices of domestic sewage pollution were applied. Descriptive statistics of the respective indices rations COD/BOD5, BOD5/TN, BOD5/TP were presented. Moreover, an analysis was conducted on the composition of raw sewage flowing into the treatment plant, pre-treated sewage and sewage leaving the studied treatment plant. The analysis was carried out on the basis of three basic indices of sewage pollution (BOD5, COD and total suspended solids) and two biogenic indices (total nitrogen and total phosphorus). Tests on the sewage composition were conducted in the years 2010-2015. Basic descriptive statistics were compiled for the values of the studied indices of sewage pollution and the obtained results were interpreted. On the basis of collected material it may be said that sewage reaching the treatment plant in Wodzisław Śląski revealed a good susceptibility to biodegradation, whereas the BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP ratios were below the optimum value. ...
The aim of the paper was to determine the possibility of the use of Shewhart control charts to monitor changes in the forms of nitrogen, showing the quality of wastewater discharged from the wastewater treatment plant in Krosno in the years 2010-2015. The performed statistical analysis showed the highest number of cases of elevated nitrate nitrogen and/or ammonium nitrogen when the temperature of treated wastewater was below 8-9°C. This low temperature resulted in adverse effect on the activity of bacteria that were involved in biological removal of nitrogen. It was found that in the winter months, the second stage of nitrifying bacteria responsible for oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, exhibited higher activity than the denitrifying bacteria. Graphical presentation of total nitrogen content using control charts for the mean of the process revealed the exceedance of the upper specification line (USL = 10 mgNtot·dm-3) in the months from December to April. It was observed that the total nitrogen removal process in the months from June to November was stable with a very high 90% reduction in biogenic activity. The obtained results confirm the efficacy of control charts as a tool which can easily be applied in the statistical process control of ...
